<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:creator>Gütermann C</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Peltomäki T</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Markic G</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Hänggi M</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Schätzle M</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Signorelli L</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Patcas R</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2014</dc:date>
  <dc:description xmlns:ns0="xml" ns0:lang="en">OBJECTIVE
To reassess the inclination of lower incisors and evaluate possible associations with gender, age, symphyseal parameters, and skeletal pattern.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twelve hundred and seventy-two (605 females, 667 males) cephalograms of untreated subjects of a craniofacial growth study (age: 8-16 years) were evaluated. Correlations between the angulation of the lower incisors and age, symphyseal distances (height, width, and depth), symphyseal ratios (height-width, height-depth), and skeletal angles (divergence of the jaws and gonial angle) were investigated for all ages separately and for both sexes independently.


RESULTS
The inclination of lower incisors increased over age (8 years: girls = 93.9° [95% CI, 92.3°-95.7°], boys = 93.3° [95% CI, 91.8°-94.9°]; 16 years: girls = 96.1° [95% CI, 94.1°-98.2°], boys = 97.1° [95% CI, 95.6°-98.6°]). Inclination of lower incisors correlated with the divergence of the jaws for all ages significantly or highly significantly, except for boys and girls 9 years of age and girls 11 and 12 years of age, for which only a tendency was observed. Similarly, a strong correlation to gonial angle could be observed. No correlation could be found between the inclination of lower incisors and any symphyseal parameters (absolute measurements and ratios), except for symphyseal depth.


CONCLUSION
Lower incisor inclination is linked to the subject's sex, age, and skeletal pattern. It is not associated with symphyseal dimensions, except symphyseal depth. Factors related to natural inclination of lower incisors should be respected when establishing a treatment plan.</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>https://sonar.ch/global/documents/107600</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.2319/040413-262.1</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/23985035</dc:relation>
  <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
  <dc:source>The Angle orthodontist. - 2014</dc:source>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns1="xml" ns1:lang="en">Adolescent</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns2="xml" ns2:lang="en">Age Factors</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns3="xml" ns3:lang="en">Anatomic Landmarks</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns4="xml" ns4:lang="en">Cephalometry</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns5="xml" ns5:lang="en">Child</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns6="xml" ns6:lang="en">Chin</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns7="xml" ns7:lang="en">Dental Arch</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns8="xml" ns8:lang="en">Female</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns9="xml" ns9:lang="en">Humans</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns10="xml" ns10:lang="en">Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns11="xml" ns11:lang="en">Incisor</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns12="xml" ns12:lang="en">Male</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns13="xml" ns13:lang="en">Mandible</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns14="xml" ns14:lang="en">Maxilla</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns15="xml" ns15:lang="en">Sex Factors</dc:subject>
  <dc:title xmlns:ns16="xml" ns16:lang="en">The inclination of mandibular incisors revisited.</dc:title>
  <dc:type>http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>