Schäfer DB 2003 The cause of a typical osteochondral lesion of the talus is traumatic; if symptomatic, several options exist. Because nonoperative treatment results in no more than 50% good to excellent results, the following types of surgery are in clinical use: (1) debridement and drilling, (2) osteochondral transfer, and (3) autologous chondrocyte transplantation. Reported good to excellent results are at least 80% in the short term. Currently available data allow no recommendation of a specific therapy for a specific lesion. Advocates of drilling and debridement accept that the repair tissue is fibrocartilage; osteochondral transfer includes a donor side morbidity. We are still at the beginning of cartilage repair; it will take time before a certain type of lesion can be treated with the best modality because that requires comparative randomized prospective studies with a long follow-up. All modern cartilage repair techniques, that were initially investigated at the knee joint, are now in use for ankle osteochondral lesions. Reported short-term success rates are greater than 80%. Further improvements will depend on the understanding of the pathogenesis and the role of contributing factors (eg, instability). https://sonar.ch/global/documents/129533 eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/s1083-7515(03)00143-8 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/14719839 Foot and ankle clinics. - 2003 Ankle Joint Cartilage Diseases Cartilage, Articular Chondrocytes Humans Talus Cartilage repair of the talus. http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501