<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:creator>Benninger DH</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Berman BD</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Houdayer E</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Pal N</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Luckenbaugh DA</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Schneider L</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Miranda S</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Hallett M</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2011</dc:date>
  <dc:description xmlns:ns0="xml" ns0:lang="en">OBJECTIVE
To investigate the safety and efficacy of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) in the treatment of motor symptoms in Parkinson disease (PD).


BACKGROUND
Progression of PD is characterized by the emergence of motor deficits, which eventually respond less to dopaminergic therapy and pose a therapeutic challenge. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown promising results in improving gait, a major cause of disability, and may provide a therapeutic alternative. iTBS is a novel type of rTMS that may be more efficacious than conventional rTMS.


METHODS
In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study, we investigated safety and efficacy of iTBS of the motor and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices in 8 sessions over 2 weeks (evidence Class I). Assessment of safety and clinical efficacy over a 1-month period included timed tests of gait and bradykinesia, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and additional clinical, neuropsychological, and neurophysiologic measures.


RESULTS
We investigated 26 patients with mild to moderate PD: 13 received iTBS and 13 sham stimulation. We found beneficial effects of iTBS on mood, but no improvement of gait, bradykinesia, UPDRS, and other measures. EEG/EMG monitoring recorded no pathologic increase of cortical excitability or epileptic activity. Few reported discomfort or pain and one experienced tinnitus during real stimulation.


CONCLUSION
iTBS of the motor and prefrontal cortices appears safe and improves mood, but failed to improve motor performance and functional status in PD.


CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE
This study provides Class I evidence that iTBS was not effective for gait, upper extremity bradykinesia, or other motor symptoms in PD.</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>https://sonar.ch/global/documents/129656</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31820ce6bb</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/21321333</dc:relation>
  <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
  <dc:source>Neurology. - 2011</dc:source>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns1="xml" ns1:lang="en">Aged</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns2="xml" ns2:lang="en">Double-Blind Method</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns3="xml" ns3:lang="en">Electroencephalography</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns4="xml" ns4:lang="en">Electromyography</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns5="xml" ns5:lang="en">Evoked Potentials, Motor</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns6="xml" ns6:lang="en">Female</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns7="xml" ns7:lang="en">Follow-Up Studies</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns8="xml" ns8:lang="en">Humans</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns9="xml" ns9:lang="en">Male</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns10="xml" ns10:lang="en">Middle Aged</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns11="xml" ns11:lang="en">Motor Cortex</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns12="xml" ns12:lang="en">Neuropsychological Tests</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns13="xml" ns13:lang="en">Parkinson Disease</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns14="xml" ns14:lang="en">Psychiatric Status Rating Scales</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns15="xml" ns15:lang="en">Theta Rhythm</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns16="xml" ns16:lang="en">Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation</dc:subject>
  <dc:title xmlns:ns17="xml" ns17:lang="en">Intermittent theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of Parkinson disease.</dc:title>
  <dc:type>http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>