<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:creator>Gschwind M</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Seeck M</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2016</dc:date>
  <dc:description xmlns:ns0="xml" ns0:lang="en">Neuromodulation (NM) is a complementary therapy for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Vagal nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation of the anterior thalamus are established techniques and have shown their efficacy in lowering seizure frequency, but they are invasive and rarely render patients seizure-free. Non-invasive NM techniques are therefore increasingly investigated in a clinical context. Areas covered: Current knowledge about transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) and other non-invasive NM in patients with epilepsy, based on the available animal and clinical studies from PubMed search. Expert commentary: tDCS modulates neuronal membrane potentials, and consequently alters cortical excitability. Cathodal stimulation leads to cortical inhibition, which is of particular importance in epilepsy treatment. The antiepileptic efficacy is promising but still lacks systematic studies. The beneficial effect, seen in ~20%, outlasts the duration of stimulation, indicating neuronal plasticity and is therefore of great interest to obtain long-term effects.</dc:description>
  <dc:identifier>https://sonar.ch/global/documents/130799</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1080/14737175.2016.1209410</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/27384886</dc:relation>
  <dc:source>Expert review of neurotherapeutics. - 2016</dc:source>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns1="xml" ns1:lang="en">DBS</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns2="xml" ns2:lang="en">Epilepsy</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns3="xml" ns3:lang="en">TMS</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns4="xml" ns4:lang="en">VNS</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns5="xml" ns5:lang="en">adults</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns6="xml" ns6:lang="en">children vagal nerve stimulation</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns7="xml" ns7:lang="en">deep brain stimulation</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns8="xml" ns8:lang="en">drug therapy</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns9="xml" ns9:lang="en">outcome</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns10="xml" ns10:lang="en">tDCS</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns11="xml" ns11:lang="en">transcranial direct-current stimulation</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns12="xml" ns12:lang="en">transcranial magnetic stimulation</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns13="xml" ns13:lang="en">Animals</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns14="xml" ns14:lang="en">Deep Brain Stimulation</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns15="xml" ns15:lang="en">Epilepsy</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns16="xml" ns16:lang="en">Humans</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns17="xml" ns17:lang="en">Neuronal Plasticity</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns18="xml" ns18:lang="en">Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns19="xml" ns19:lang="en">Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation</dc:subject>
  <dc:title xmlns:ns20="xml" ns20:lang="en">Transcranial direct-current stimulation as treatment in epilepsy.</dc:title>
  <dc:type>http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>