<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:creator>Garcia-Hidalgo E</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Sottas V</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>von Goetz N</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Hauri U</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Bogdal C</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Hungerbühler K</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
  <dc:description xmlns:ns0="xml" ns0:lang="en">BACKGROUND
In recent years, the frequency of contact allergy to isothiazolinones has increased alarmingly in Europe, but only limited data are available on concentrations of isothiazolinones in consumer products.


OBJECTIVES
To examine the current frequency of isothiazolinones [methylisothiazolinone (MI), methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI), benzisothiazolinone (BIT), and octylisothiazolinone (OIT)] in a wide array of detergents and cosmetics relevant for the Swiss population.


METHODS
By means of a market survey, the occurrence of isothiazolinones was investigated in 1948 consumer products. Of these, 88 products were analysed by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry after ultrasonic extraction.


RESULTS
Only 7.6% of all cosmetics contained isothiazolinones, but the prevalence in detergents was much higher (42.9%). The measured concentration ranges in detergents were 4.3–10, 3.5–279, 3.8–186 and 7.9 ppm (one product only) for MCI, MI, BIT, and OIT, respectively [corrected]. For cosmetics, these were 1.3-133 and 4.8 ppm (one product only) for MI and MCI, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study has shown that high concentrations of isothiazolinones (including MI) can be found in a large variety of products, in particular in detergents. Therefore, the safe use of these preservatives should be re-evaluated by including detergents in the exposure assessment.</dc:description>
  <dc:identifier>https://sonar.ch/global/documents/187901</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1111/cod.12700</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/27862003</dc:relation>
  <dc:source>Contact dermatitis. - 2017</dc:source>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns1="xml" ns1:lang="en">allergic contact dermatitis</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns2="xml" ns2:lang="en">benzisothiazolinone</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns3="xml" ns3:lang="en">biocides</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns4="xml" ns4:lang="en">cosmetics</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns5="xml" ns5:lang="en">household cleaning products</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns6="xml" ns6:lang="en">market survey</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns7="xml" ns7:lang="en">methylchloroisothiazolinone</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns8="xml" ns8:lang="en">methylisothiazolinone</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns9="xml" ns9:lang="en">octylisothiazolinone</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns10="xml" ns10:lang="en">personal care products</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns11="xml" ns11:lang="en">Chromatography, Liquid</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns12="xml" ns12:lang="en">Cosmetics</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns13="xml" ns13:lang="en">Dermatitis, Allergic Contact</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns14="xml" ns14:lang="en">Detergents</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns15="xml" ns15:lang="en">Humans</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns16="xml" ns16:lang="en">Mass Spectrometry</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns17="xml" ns17:lang="en">Preservatives, Pharmaceutical</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns18="xml" ns18:lang="en">Switzerland</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns19="xml" ns19:lang="en">Thiazoles</dc:subject>
  <dc:title xmlns:ns20="xml" ns20:lang="en">Occurrence and concentrations of isothiazolinones in detergents and cosmetics in Switzerland.</dc:title>
  <dc:type>http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>