<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:creator>Echtermann T</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Müntener CR</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Torgerson PR</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Sidler X</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Kümmerlen D</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
  <dc:description xmlns:ns0="xml" ns0:lang="en">A significant Antibiotic-Monitoring-System is essential to analyse the use of antibiotics and to a better understanding of trends in resistance development. In human and veterinary medicine, for example, a system based on defined daily and treatment doses (Defined Daily Dose: DDD and Defined Course Dose: DCD) is applied. These definitions can be used to estimate the number of treatment days and treatments with antimicrobial agents in a population. For veterinary medicine, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has published the European values DDDvet and DCDvet in the farm animal sector. The aim of this study was to define Swiss daily and treatment doses (DDDch and DCDch) for the treatment of pigs and to compare them with the EMA values in order to investigate the differences between individually collected national doses and average international doses. For the comparison, the quotient of Swiss and European values was calculated and the influence of the application form of an active substance and the number of active substances contained in a preparation was investigated. One hundred and three veterinary preparations with 138 active substances were assigned a DDDch and DCDch value. A comparison with EMA values was possible for 118 active substances. The comparison showed median values of 0.91 for the daily doses and 0.90 for the treatment doses, so that the daily and treatment doses in Switzerland are lower than the corresponding EMA doses. Both the form of application (injection solutions: 1.00; premixes: 0.76; P=0.02) and the number of active substances in the preparation (one active substance: 1.00; two active substances: 0.76; three active substances: 0.43; each P.</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>https://sonar.ch/global/documents/266652</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.17236/sat00179</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/30301713</dc:relation>
  <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
  <dc:source>Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde. - 2018</dc:source>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns1="xml" ns1:lang="en">Agenzia europea per i medicinali (EMA)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns2="xml" ns2:lang="en">Antibiotic-Monitoring-System</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns3="xml" ns3:lang="en">Antibiotika-Monitoring-System</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns4="xml" ns4:lang="en">Compendium des médicaments vétérinaires</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns5="xml" ns5:lang="en">Defined Course Dose (DCD)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns6="xml" ns6:lang="en">Defined Course dosis (DCD)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns7="xml" ns7:lang="en">Defined Daily Dose (DDD)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns8="xml" ns8:lang="en">Defined Daily Dosis (DDD)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns9="xml" ns9:lang="en">European 
Medicines Agency (EMA)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns10="xml" ns10:lang="en">European Medicines Agency</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns11="xml" ns11:lang="en">European ­Medicines Agency (EMA)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns12="xml" ns12:lang="en">Schwein</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns13="xml" ns13:lang="en">Sistema di monitoraggio degli antibiotici</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns14="xml" ns14:lang="en">Système de surveillance des antibiotiques</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns15="xml" ns15:lang="en">Tierarzneimittelkompendium</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns16="xml" ns16:lang="en">compendio 
dei medicamenti veterinari.</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns17="xml" ns17:lang="en">pig</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns18="xml" ns18:lang="en">port</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns19="xml" ns19:lang="en">suini</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns20="xml" ns20:lang="en">veterinary medicinal product compendium</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns21="xml" ns21:lang="en">­Defined Daily Dose (DDD)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns22="xml" ns22:lang="en">Animals</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns23="xml" ns23:lang="en">Anti-Bacterial Agents</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns24="xml" ns24:lang="en">Practice Guidelines as Topic</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns25="xml" ns25:lang="en">Swine</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns26="xml" ns26:lang="en">Swine Diseases</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns27="xml" ns27:lang="en">Switzerland</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns28="xml" ns28:lang="en">Veterinary Drugs</dc:subject>
  <dc:title xmlns:ns29="xml" ns29:lang="en">[Defining daily doses and total doses for the measurement of antibiotic usage in Swiss pig production].</dc:title>
  <dc:type>http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>