Baumgartner T Knoch D Hotz P Eisenegger C Fehr E 2011 Humans are noted for their capacity to over-ride self-interest in favor of normatively valued goals. We examined the neural circuitry that is causally involved in normative, fairness-related decisions by generating a temporarily diminished capacity for costly normative behavior, a 'deviant' case, through non-invasive brain stimulation (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) and compared normal subjects' functional magnetic resonance imaging signals with those of the deviant subjects. When fairness and economic self-interest were in conflict, normal subjects (who make costly normative decisions at a much higher frequency) displayed significantly higher activity in, and connectivity between, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the posterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex (pVMPFC). In contrast, when there was no conflict between fairness and economic self-interest, both types of subjects displayed identical neural patterns and behaved identically. These findings suggest that a parsimonious prefrontal network, the activation of right DLPFC and pVMPFC, and the connectivity between them, facilitates subjects' willingness to incur the cost of normative decisions. application/pdf https://sonar.ch/global/documents/287069 eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/nn.2933 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/21964488 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Nature neuroscience. - 2011 Adult Brain Mapping Choice Behavior Female Functional Laterality Games, Experimental Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Linear Models Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Neural Pathways Oxygen Prefrontal Cortex Reaction Time Social Behavior Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Young Adult Dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex orchestrate normative choice. http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501