<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:creator>Bloch KE</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Schoch OD</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Zhang JN</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Russi EW</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>1999</dc:date>
  <dc:description xmlns:ns0="xml" ns0:lang="en">BACKGROUND
The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a questionnaire widely used in English speaking countries for assessment of subjective daytime sleepiness.


OBJECTIVE
Our purpose was to translate and validate the ESS for use in German-speaking countries.


METHODS
A German translation of the ESS was administered to 159 healthy German-speaking Swiss and to 174 patients with various sleep disorders.


RESULTS
The mean +/- SD of ESS scores in normals was 5.7+/-3.0, in patients it was 13.0+/-5.1 (p&lt;0.001). Scores were not correlated with age or gender but with the percentage of time spent at an oxygen saturation &lt;90% (R = 0.35, p&lt;0.001), and the respiratory disturbance index (R = 0.26, p&lt;0.001) in primary snorers and sleep apnea patients. Item analysis confirmed internal consistency of the scale (Cronbach alpha = 0.60 in normals, and 0.83 in patients). Follow-up scores in 25 sleep apnea patients on treatment showed a reduction by 7+/-5 points (p&lt;0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Our data validate the ESS for application in German-speaking populations. The simplicity, reliability and the apparent lack of relevant influences of language and cultural background on performance of the ESS makes it a valuable tool for clinical management and research.</dc:description>
  <dc:identifier>https://sonar.ch/global/documents/288842</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1159/000029408</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/10516541</dc:relation>
  <dc:source>Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases. - 1999</dc:source>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns1="xml" ns1:lang="en">Adult</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns2="xml" ns2:lang="en">Case-Control Studies</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns3="xml" ns3:lang="en">Female</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns4="xml" ns4:lang="en">Humans</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns5="xml" ns5:lang="en">Male</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns6="xml" ns6:lang="en">Middle Aged</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns7="xml" ns7:lang="en">Reference Values</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns8="xml" ns8:lang="en">Reproducibility of Results</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns9="xml" ns9:lang="en">Sleep Apnea Syndromes</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns10="xml" ns10:lang="en">Sleep Stages</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns11="xml" ns11:lang="en">Sleep Wake Disorders</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns12="xml" ns12:lang="en">Surveys and Questionnaires</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns13="xml" ns13:lang="en">Switzerland</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns14="xml" ns14:lang="en">Translations</dc:subject>
  <dc:title xmlns:ns15="xml" ns15:lang="en">German version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.</dc:title>
  <dc:type>http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>