Regueiro A Linke A Latib A Ihlemann N Urena M Walther T Husser O Herrmann HC Nombela-Franco L Cheema AN Le Breton H Stortecky S Kapadia S Bartorelli AL Sinning JM Amat-Santos I Munoz-Garcia A Lerakis S Gutiérrez-Ibanes E Abdel-Wahab M Tchetche D Testa L Eltchaninoff H Livi U Castillo JC Jilaihawi H Webb JG Barbanti M Kodali S de Brito FS Ribeiro HB Miceli A Fiorina C Dato GM Rosato F Serra V Masson JB Wijeysundera HC Mangione JA Ferreira MC Lima VC Carvalho LA Abizaid A Marino MA Esteves V Andrea JC Giannini F Messika-Zeitoun D Himbert D Kim WK Pellegrini C Auffret V Nietlispach F Pilgrim T Durand E Lisko J Makkar RR Lemos PA Leon MB Puri R San Roman A Vahanian A Søndergaard L Mangner N Rodés-Cabau J 2016 IMPORTANCE Limited data exist on clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients who had infective endocarditis after undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). OBJECTIVE To determine the associated factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients who had infective endocarditis after TAVR. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Infectious Endocarditis after TAVR International Registry included patients with definite infective endocarditis after TAVR from 47 centers from Europe, North America, and South America between June 2005 and October 2015. EXPOSURE Transcatheter aortic valve replacement for incidence of infective endocarditis and infective endocarditis for in-hospital mortality. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Infective endocarditis and in-hospital mortality after infective endocarditis. RESULTS A total of 250 cases of infective endocarditis occurred in 20 006 patients after TAVR (incidence, 1.1% per person-year; 95% CI, 1.1%-1.4%; median age, 80 years; 64% men). Median time from TAVR to infective endocarditis was 5.3 months (interquartile range [IQR], 1.5-13.4 months). The characteristics associated with higher risk of progressing to infective endocarditis after TAVR was younger age (78.9 years vs 81.8 years; hazard ratio [HR], 0.97 per year; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99), male sex (62.0% vs 49.7%; HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.13-2.52), diabetes mellitus (41.7% vs 30.0%; HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.02-2.29), and moderate to severe aortic regurgitation (22.4% vs 14.7%; HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.28-3.28). Health care-associated infective endocarditis was present in 52.8% (95% CI, 46.6%-59.0%) of patients. Enterococci species and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequently isolated microorganisms (24.6%; 95% CI, 19.1%-30.1% and 23.3%; 95% CI, 17.9%-28.7%, respectively). The in-hospital mortality rate was 36% (95% CI, 30.0%-41.9%; 90 deaths; 160 survivors), and surgery was performed in 14.8% (95% CI, 10.4%-19.2%) of patients during the infective endocarditis episode. In-hospital mortality was associated with a higher logistic EuroSCORE (23.1% vs 18.6%; odds ratio [OR], 1.03 per 1% increase; 95% CI, 1.00-1.05), heart failure (59.3% vs 23.7%; OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.74-6.45), and acute kidney injury (67.4% vs 31.6%; OR, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.42-5.11). The 2-year mortality rate was 66.7% (95% CI, 59.0%-74.2%; 132 deaths; 115 survivors). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients undergoing TAVR, younger age, male sex, history of diabetes mellitus, and moderate to severe residual aortic regurgitation were significantly associated with an increased risk of infective endocarditis. Patients who developed endocarditis had high rates of in-hospital mortality and 2-year mortality. https://sonar.ch/global/documents/427 eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1001/jama.2016.12347 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/27623462 JAMA. - 2016 Age Factors Aged Endocarditis Endocarditis, Bacterial Female Follow-Up Studies Heart Failure Hospital Mortality Humans Male Odds Ratio Registries Risk Factors Sex Factors Staphylococcal Infections Staphylococcus aureus Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Treatment Outcome Association Between Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Subsequent Infective Endocarditis and In-Hospital Death. http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501