Matthes KL Pestoni G Korol D Van Hemelrijck M Rohrmann S 2018 PURPOSE To assess the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) specific mortality (PCSM) compared to cardiovascular disease mortality (CVDM), or other-cause mortality (OCM) of men with nonmetastatic PCa according to PCa risk groups, primary treatment, and age. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective population-based cohort study identified 1,908 nonmetastatic PCa patients in the cancer registry Zurich and Zug, diagnosed between 2000 and 2009 living in the City of Zurich. Multiple imputation methods were applied to handle missing PCa information. Fine and Gray competing risk regression analysis was used to estimate subdistribution hazard ratios for the outcomes PCSM, CVDM, or OCM RESULTS: Ten years after diagnosis the cumulative probability of PCSM and CVDM was 16.4% and 10.0%, respectively. We observed an increased adjusted risk of PCSM in men treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) compared to surgery, but could not observe an association between ADT and CVDM. The probability of PCSM was significantly higher for patients on active surveillance or watchful waiting, compared to surgery. Age and PCa risk categories were positively associated with risk of PCSM, whereas there was no evidence for an association with CVDM or OCM based on risk groups. CONCLUSIONS Overall, men with PCa were more likely to die from non-PCa related outcomes. Nevertheless, the analyses showed a high proportion of PCSM among men on ADT, older men and men with a high-risk tumor. However, further research is needed to understand comprehensively the benefits of the respective treatments. https://sonar.ch/global/documents/47493 eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.02.016 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/29576269 Urologic oncology. - 2018 ADT Cancer registry Cause-Specific Mortality Prostate cancer Survival analysis Treatment Aged Cardiovascular Diseases Cause of Death Combined Modality Therapy Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Prognosis Prostatic Neoplasms Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Survival Rate The risk of prostate cancer mortality and cardiovascular mortality of nonmetastatic prostate cancer patients: A population-based retrospective cohort study. http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501