Wang J Brodmann M Basler M 2019 Bacteria need to deliver large molecules out of the cytosol to the extracellular space or even across membranes of neighboring cells to influence their environment, prevent predation, defeat competitors, or communicate. A variety of protein-secretion systems have evolved to make this process highly regulated and efficient. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is one of the largest dynamic assemblies in gram-negative bacteria and allows for delivery of toxins into both bacterial and eukaryotic cells. The recent progress in structural biology and live-cell imaging shows the T6SS as a long contractile sheath assembled around a rigid tube with associated toxins anchored to a cell envelope by a baseplate and membrane complex. Rapid sheath contraction releases a large amount of energy used to push the tube and toxins through the membranes of neighboring target cells. Because reach of the T6SS is limited, some bacteria dynamically regulate its subcellular localization to precisely aim at their targets and thus increase efficiency of toxin translocation. application/pdf https://sonar.ch/global/documents/51314 eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-115420 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/31226022 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Annual review of microbiology. - 2019 bacterial secretion systems contractile nanomachines sensing and signaling cascades subcellular localization Bacterial Proteins Bacterial Secretion Systems Cell Membrane Escherichia coli Escherichia coli Proteins Gram-Negative Bacteria Lipoproteins Signal Transduction Type VI Secretion Systems Assembly and Subcellular Localization of Bacterial Type VI Secretion Systems. http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501