Journal article
Comparison of the Zurich Observation Pain Assessment with the Behavioural Pain Scale and the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool in nonverbal patients in the intensive care unit: A prospective observational study.
- Fröhlich MR Kantonsspital Aarau (Switzerland), Department of Clinical Nursing Science & Department of Perioperative Medicine; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (Germany), Institute for Health and Nursing Science. Electronic address: martin.froehlich@ksa.ch.
- Meyer G Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (Germany), Institute for Health and Nursing Science.
- Spirig R University of Basel (Switzerland), Institute for Nursing Science.
- Bachmann LM Medignition AG, Zurich (Switzerland).
- 2020-05-12
Published in:
- Intensive & critical care nursing. - 2020
English
OBJECTIVES
To determine the concordance of Zurich Observation Pain Assessment (ZOPA) with the behavioural Pain Scale (BPS) and the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) to detect pain in nonverbal ICU patients.
DESIGN
Prospective observational study [BASEC-Nr. PB_2016-02324].
SETTING
A total of 49 ICU patients from cardiovascular, visceral and thoracic surgery and neurology and neurosurgery were recruited. Data from 24 patients were analyzed.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
Three independent observers assessed pain with the BPS, the CPOT or ZOPA prior, during and after a potential painful nursing intervention. Tools were randomized concerning the pain management after each pain assessment. Frequency of nine additional pain indicating items from a previous qualitative, explorative study was calculated.
RESULTS
ZOPA was positive in 32 of 33 measuring cycles (97.0%; 95%CI: 84.2-99.9%), followed by the CPOT (28/33 cycles, 84.8%; 95%CI: 68.1-94.9%) and the BPS (23/33 cycles, 67.0%; 95%CI: 51.3-84.4%). In 22/33 cycles all tools were concordant (66.7%; 95%CI: 48.2-82.0%). Analgesics were provided in 29 out of 33 cycles (87.9%; 95%CI: 71.8-96.6%). Additional pain indicating items were inconsistently reported.
CONCLUSION
ZOPA is concordant with the BPS and the CPOT to indicate pain but detects pain earlier due to the low threshold value. Inclusion of further items does not improve pain assessment.
To determine the concordance of Zurich Observation Pain Assessment (ZOPA) with the behavioural Pain Scale (BPS) and the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) to detect pain in nonverbal ICU patients.
DESIGN
Prospective observational study [BASEC-Nr. PB_2016-02324].
SETTING
A total of 49 ICU patients from cardiovascular, visceral and thoracic surgery and neurology and neurosurgery were recruited. Data from 24 patients were analyzed.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
Three independent observers assessed pain with the BPS, the CPOT or ZOPA prior, during and after a potential painful nursing intervention. Tools were randomized concerning the pain management after each pain assessment. Frequency of nine additional pain indicating items from a previous qualitative, explorative study was calculated.
RESULTS
ZOPA was positive in 32 of 33 measuring cycles (97.0%; 95%CI: 84.2-99.9%), followed by the CPOT (28/33 cycles, 84.8%; 95%CI: 68.1-94.9%) and the BPS (23/33 cycles, 67.0%; 95%CI: 51.3-84.4%). In 22/33 cycles all tools were concordant (66.7%; 95%CI: 48.2-82.0%). Analgesics were provided in 29 out of 33 cycles (87.9%; 95%CI: 71.8-96.6%). Additional pain indicating items were inconsistently reported.
CONCLUSION
ZOPA is concordant with the BPS and the CPOT to indicate pain but detects pain earlier due to the low threshold value. Inclusion of further items does not improve pain assessment.
- Language
-
- English
- Open access status
- closed
- Identifiers
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- DOI 10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102874
- PMID 32389396
- Persistent URL
- https://sonar.ch/global/documents/232633
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