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The Spatial Presence Experience Scale (SPES)

  • Hartmann, Tilo Department of Communication Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • Wirth, Werner Institute of Mass Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
  • Schramm, Holger Department Human-Computer-Media, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
  • Klimmt, Christoph Hanover University of Music, Drama, and Media, Hanover, Germany
  • Vorderer, Peter Department of Media and Communication Studies, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
  • Gysbers, André Wink Stanzwerkzeuge, Neuenhaus, Germany
  • Böcking, Saskia Energy Enterprise, Bern, Switzerland
  • Ravaja, Niklas Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  • Laarni, Jari VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
  • Saari, Timo Department of Pervasive Computing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
  • Gouveia, Feliz Faculty of Science and Technology, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
  • Maria Sacau, Ana Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
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Published in:
  • Journal of Media Psychology. - Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 2016, vol. 28, no. 1, p. 1-15
Applied Psychology
Communication
Social Psychology
English Abstract. The study of spatial presence is currently receiving increased attention in both media psychology and communication research. The present paper introduces the Spatial Presence Experience Scale (SPES), a short eight-item self-report measure. The SPES is derived from a process model of spatial presence ( Wirth et al., 2007 , Media Psychology, 9, 493–525), and assesses spatial presence as a two-dimensional construct that comprises a user’s self-location and perceived possible actions in a media environment. The SPES is shorter than many other available spatial presence scales, and can be conveniently applied to diverse media settings. Two studies are reported (N1 = 290, N2 = 395) that confirm sound psychometric qualities for the SPES.
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  • English
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https://sonar.ch/global/documents/103137
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