Photon-Counting Arrays for Time-Resolved Imaging.
- Antolovic IM Applied Quantum Architecture Lab (AQUA), Quantum Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628CD, The Netherlands. i.m.antolovic@tudelft.nl.
- Burri S Advanced Quantum Architecture lab (AQUA), Microengineering Department, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland. samuel.burri@epfl.ch.
- Hoebe RA Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 110DD, The Netherlands. r.a.hoebe@amc.uva.nl.
- Maruyama Y Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. y.maruyama@tudelft.nl.
- Bruschini C Advanced Quantum Architecture lab (AQUA), Microengineering Department, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland. claudio.bruschini@epfl.ch.
- Charbon E Applied Quantum Architecture Lab (AQUA), Quantum Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628CD, The Netherlands. edoardo.charbon@epfl.ch.
- 2016-07-02
Published in:
- Sensors (Basel, Switzerland). - 2016
FCS
FLIM
SPAD
fluorescence
fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy
single-photon avalanche diode
English
The paper presents a camera comprising 512 × 128 pixels capable of single-photon detection and gating with a maximum frame rate of 156 kfps. The photon capture is performed through a gated single-photon avalanche diode that generates a digital pulse upon photon detection and through a digital one-bit counter. Gray levels are obtained through multiple counting and accumulation, while time-resolved imaging is achieved through a 4-ns gating window controlled with subnanosecond accuracy by a field-programmable gate array. The sensor, which is equipped with microlenses to enhance its effective fill factor, was electro-optically characterized in terms of sensitivity and uniformity. Several examples of capture of fast events are shown to demonstrate the suitability of the approach.
- Language
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- English
- Open access status
- gold
- Identifiers
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- DOI 10.3390/s16071005
- PMID 27367697
- Persistent URL
- https://sonar.ch/global/documents/111927
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