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The multifaceted immune regulation of bladder cancer.
Journal article

The multifaceted immune regulation of bladder cancer.

  • Schneider AK Urology Research Unit, Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
  • Chevalier MF Urology Research Unit, Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
  • Derré L Urology Research Unit, Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland. laurent.derre@chuv.ch.
  • 2019-09-11
Published in:
  • Nature reviews. Urology. - 2019
Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Humans
Immunotherapy
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
English Bladder cancer is an important public health concern owing to its prevalence, high recurrence risk and treatment failures. Maintaining the equilibrium between prompt and effective immunity and an excessive and protracted immune response is critical for successful immune defence. This delicate balance is ensured by intrinsic or extrinsic immunoregulatory mechanisms. Intrinsic control of immune cell activation is mediated by stimulatory and inhibitory receptors expressed on the effector cell itself, whereas extrinsic control is mediated via other immune cells by cell-cell contact and/or secretion of inhibitory factors. Tumours can exacerbate these immunosuppressive pathways, fostering a tolerant microenvironment. These mechanisms have previously been poorly described in urothelial carcinoma, but a growing body of evidence highlights the key role of immune regulation in bladder cancer. This process includes immune checkpoints (mostly programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1)), as well as regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumour-associated macrophages and type 2 innate and adaptive lymphocytes. For each component, quantitative and qualitative alterations, clinical relevance and potential targeting strategies are currently being explored. An improved understanding of immune regulation pathways in bladder cancer development, recurrence and progression will help in the design of novel diagnostic and prognostic tools as well as treatments.
Language
  • English
Open access status
closed
Identifiers
Persistent URL
https://sonar.ch/global/documents/126458
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