Non-parametric intravoxel incoherent motion analysis of the thyroid gland.
- Becker AS Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.
- Wurnig MC Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.
- Finkenstaedt T Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.
- Boss A Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.
- 2017-02-10
Published in:
- Heliyon. - 2017
English
PURPOSE
To implement a protocol for intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) of the thyroid, to determine base parameters in healthy volunteers, and to provide preliminary experience on clinical applicability in one patient.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eight healthy volunteers underwent 3T MRI using a diffusion weighted echo-planar imaging sequence with 12 different b-values between 0-800 s/mm2. The IVIM parameters diffusion coefficient D, pseudo-diffusion coefficient D*, perfusion fraction Fp, and the optimal b-values thresholds were calculated for each thyroid lobe, muscle tissue and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using a non-parametric multi-step algorithm and compared with a Student's t-test. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
Mean values for healthy thyroid tissue were: D 1.01 ± 0.13 × 10-3 mm2/s, D* 71.0 ± 52.5 × 10-3 mm2/s and Fp 17.1 ± 4.2%; for muscle: D 0.50 ± 0.21 × 10-3 mm2/s, D* 58.3 ± 99.2 × 10-3 mm2/s and Fp 26.5 ± 9.3%; and for CSF D 2.18 ± 0.93 × 10-3 mm2/s, D* 99.2 ± 41.2 × 10-3 mm2/s and Fp 74.6 ± 12.7%. The optimal b-value threshold separating diffusion and perfusion effects in thyroid ranged between 0-70 s/mm2. Healthy thyroid tissue showed similar Fp compared to muscle, both lower than CSF.
CONCLUSIONS
The proposed IVIM protocol provides surrogate markers on cellular diffusion restriction and perfusion; thereby providing a more comprehensive description of tissue properties compared to conventional DWI.
To implement a protocol for intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) of the thyroid, to determine base parameters in healthy volunteers, and to provide preliminary experience on clinical applicability in one patient.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eight healthy volunteers underwent 3T MRI using a diffusion weighted echo-planar imaging sequence with 12 different b-values between 0-800 s/mm2. The IVIM parameters diffusion coefficient D, pseudo-diffusion coefficient D*, perfusion fraction Fp, and the optimal b-values thresholds were calculated for each thyroid lobe, muscle tissue and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using a non-parametric multi-step algorithm and compared with a Student's t-test. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
Mean values for healthy thyroid tissue were: D 1.01 ± 0.13 × 10-3 mm2/s, D* 71.0 ± 52.5 × 10-3 mm2/s and Fp 17.1 ± 4.2%; for muscle: D 0.50 ± 0.21 × 10-3 mm2/s, D* 58.3 ± 99.2 × 10-3 mm2/s and Fp 26.5 ± 9.3%; and for CSF D 2.18 ± 0.93 × 10-3 mm2/s, D* 99.2 ± 41.2 × 10-3 mm2/s and Fp 74.6 ± 12.7%. The optimal b-value threshold separating diffusion and perfusion effects in thyroid ranged between 0-70 s/mm2. Healthy thyroid tissue showed similar Fp compared to muscle, both lower than CSF.
CONCLUSIONS
The proposed IVIM protocol provides surrogate markers on cellular diffusion restriction and perfusion; thereby providing a more comprehensive description of tissue properties compared to conventional DWI.
- Language
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- English
- Open access status
- gold
- Identifiers
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- DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00239
- PMID 28180186
- Persistent URL
- https://sonar.ch/global/documents/135440
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