Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (CPs) Dominate in Australian Sewage Sludge.
- Brandsma SH VU University , Department of Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- van Mourik L VU University , Department of Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- O'Brien JW The University of Queensland , The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
- Eaglesham G The University of Queensland , The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
- Leonards PE VU University , Department of Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- de Boer J VU University , Department of Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Gallen C The University of Queensland , The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
- Mueller J The University of Queensland , The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
- Gaus C The University of Queensland , The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
- Bogdal C Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
- 2017-02-21
Published in:
- Environmental science & technology. - 2017
English
To simultaneously quantify and profile the complex mixture of short-, median-, and long-chain CPs (SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs) in Australian sewage sludge, we applied and further validated a recently developed novel instrumental technique, using quadrupole time-of-flight high resolution mass spectrometry running in the negative atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mode (APCI-qTOF-HRMS). Without using an analytical column the cleaned extracts were directly injected into the qTOF-HRMS followed by quantification of the CPs by a mathematical algorithm. The recoveries of the four SCCP, MCCP and LCCP-spiked sewage sludge samples ranged from 86 to 123%. This APCI-qTOF-HRMS method is a fast and promising technique for routinely measuring SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs in sewage sludge. Australian sewage sludge was dominated by MCCPs with concentrations ranging from 542 to 3645 ng/g dry weight (dw). Lower SCCPs concentrations (<57-1421 ng/g dw) were detected in the Australian sewage sludge, which were comparable with the LCCPs concentrations (116-960 ng/g dw). This is the first time that CPs were reported in Australian sewage sludge. The results of this study gives a first impression on the distribution of the SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs in Australia wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).
- Language
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- English
- Open access status
- hybrid
- Identifiers
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- DOI 10.1021/acs.est.6b05318
- PMID 28218842
- Persistent URL
- https://sonar.ch/global/documents/139710
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