Retrieval analysis of lingual fixed retainer adhesives.
- Gugger J Resident, Clinic for Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Pandis N Private practice, Corfu, Greece; senior attending dental physician, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine/Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Zinelis S Assistant professor, Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Patcas R Senior attending dental physician, Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Eliades G Professor and head, Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Eliades T Professor and director, Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: theodore.eliades@zzm.uzh.ch.
- 2016-10-04
Published in:
- American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. - 2016
Composite Resins
Dental Bonding
Dental Debonding
Elasticity
Electron Probe Microanalysis
Fourier Analysis
Hardness
Humans
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Orthodontic Retainers
Resin Cements
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
English
INTRODUCTION
Our objective was to analyze the surface and bulk properties alterations of clinically aged composites used for fixed retention.
METHODS
Twenty-six lingual retainers bonded for different time periods (2.2-17.4 years) were retrieved from postorthodontic patients. Fifteen lingual retainers had been cemented by a chemically cured adhesive (Maximum Cure, Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Ill), and 11 were treated with a photo-cured adhesive (Flow-Tain, Reliance Orthodontic Products). The first group was in service for 2.8 to 17.4 years and the second for 2.2 to 5.4 years. Five specimens from each material were prepared and used as the control (or reference) group. The debonded surfaces from enamel were studied by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (n = 3 per material per group), low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (n = 3 per material per group). All specimens were used for the assessment of Vickers hardness, indentation modulus, and elastic index with the instrumented indentation testing method. The values of Vickers hardness, indentation modulus, and elastic index were compared between the retrieved and the reference groups with 1-way analysis of variance and the Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test (α = 0.05).
RESULTS
The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that both retrieved composites demonstrated reduced unsaturation in comparison with the corresponding reference specimens. Some bonded surfaces showed development of organic integuments. All retrieved specimens showed reduced silicon content. Barium was identified only in the photo-cured group. No significant differences were found between the reference and retrieved groups in Vickers hardness, indentation modulus, and elastic index.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the changes in composition, the mechanical properties of the materials tested remained unaffected by intraoral aging.
Our objective was to analyze the surface and bulk properties alterations of clinically aged composites used for fixed retention.
METHODS
Twenty-six lingual retainers bonded for different time periods (2.2-17.4 years) were retrieved from postorthodontic patients. Fifteen lingual retainers had been cemented by a chemically cured adhesive (Maximum Cure, Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Ill), and 11 were treated with a photo-cured adhesive (Flow-Tain, Reliance Orthodontic Products). The first group was in service for 2.8 to 17.4 years and the second for 2.2 to 5.4 years. Five specimens from each material were prepared and used as the control (or reference) group. The debonded surfaces from enamel were studied by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (n = 3 per material per group), low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (n = 3 per material per group). All specimens were used for the assessment of Vickers hardness, indentation modulus, and elastic index with the instrumented indentation testing method. The values of Vickers hardness, indentation modulus, and elastic index were compared between the retrieved and the reference groups with 1-way analysis of variance and the Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test (α = 0.05).
RESULTS
The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that both retrieved composites demonstrated reduced unsaturation in comparison with the corresponding reference specimens. Some bonded surfaces showed development of organic integuments. All retrieved specimens showed reduced silicon content. Barium was identified only in the photo-cured group. No significant differences were found between the reference and retrieved groups in Vickers hardness, indentation modulus, and elastic index.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the changes in composition, the mechanical properties of the materials tested remained unaffected by intraoral aging.
- Language
-
- English
- Open access status
- green
- Identifiers
-
- DOI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.06.012
- PMID 27692414
- Persistent URL
- https://sonar.ch/global/documents/140504
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