The role of migration and domestic transmission in the spread of HIV-1 non-B subtypes in Switzerland.
- von Wyl V Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. vowv@usz.uzh.ch
- Kouyos RD
- Yerly S
- Böni J
- Shah C
- Bürgisser P
- Klimkait T
- Weber R
- Hirschel B
- Cavassini M
- Staehelin C
- Battegay M
- Vernazza PL
- Bernasconi E
- Ledergerber B
- Bonhoeffer S
- Günthard HF
- 2011-09-02
Published in:
- The Journal of infectious diseases. - 2011
African Continental Ancestry Group
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Cluster Analysis
Emigration and Immigration
European Continental Ancestry Group
Female
Gene Products, pol
HIV Infections
HIV-1
Heterosexuality
Homosexuality, Male
Humans
Likelihood Functions
Logistic Models
Male
Molecular Sequence Data
Prevalence
Switzerland
English
BACKGROUND
By analyzing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pol sequences from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS), we explored whether the prevalence of non-B subtypes reflects domestic transmission or migration patterns.
METHODS
Swiss non-B sequences and sequences collected abroad were pooled to construct maximum likelihood trees, which were analyzed for Swiss-specific subepidemics, (subtrees including ≥80% Swiss sequences, bootstrap >70%; macroscale analysis) or evidence for domestic transmission (sequence pairs with genetic distance <1.5%, bootstrap ≥98%; microscale analysis).
RESULTS
Of 8287 SHCS participants, 1732 (21%) were infected with non-B subtypes, of which A (n = 328), C (n = 272), CRF01_AE (n = 258), and CRF02_AG (n = 285) were studied further. The macroscale analysis revealed that 21% (A), 16% (C), 24% (CRF01_AE), and 28% (CRF02_AG) belonged to Swiss-specific subepidemics. The microscale analysis identified 26 possible transmission pairs: 3 (12%) including only homosexual Swiss men of white ethnicity; 3 (12%) including homosexual white men from Switzerland and partners from foreign countries; and 10 (38%) involving heterosexual white Swiss men and females of different nationality and predominantly nonwhite ethnicity.
CONCLUSIONS
Of all non-B infections diagnosed in Switzerland, <25% could be prevented by domestic interventions. Awareness should be raised among immigrants and Swiss individuals with partners from high prevalence countries to contain the spread of non-B subtypes.
By analyzing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pol sequences from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS), we explored whether the prevalence of non-B subtypes reflects domestic transmission or migration patterns.
METHODS
Swiss non-B sequences and sequences collected abroad were pooled to construct maximum likelihood trees, which were analyzed for Swiss-specific subepidemics, (subtrees including ≥80% Swiss sequences, bootstrap >70%; macroscale analysis) or evidence for domestic transmission (sequence pairs with genetic distance <1.5%, bootstrap ≥98%; microscale analysis).
RESULTS
Of 8287 SHCS participants, 1732 (21%) were infected with non-B subtypes, of which A (n = 328), C (n = 272), CRF01_AE (n = 258), and CRF02_AG (n = 285) were studied further. The macroscale analysis revealed that 21% (A), 16% (C), 24% (CRF01_AE), and 28% (CRF02_AG) belonged to Swiss-specific subepidemics. The microscale analysis identified 26 possible transmission pairs: 3 (12%) including only homosexual Swiss men of white ethnicity; 3 (12%) including homosexual white men from Switzerland and partners from foreign countries; and 10 (38%) involving heterosexual white Swiss men and females of different nationality and predominantly nonwhite ethnicity.
CONCLUSIONS
Of all non-B infections diagnosed in Switzerland, <25% could be prevented by domestic interventions. Awareness should be raised among immigrants and Swiss individuals with partners from high prevalence countries to contain the spread of non-B subtypes.
- Language
-
- English
- Open access status
- green
- Identifiers
-
- DOI 10.1093/infdis/jir491
- PMID 21881125
- Persistent URL
- https://sonar.ch/global/documents/141489
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