Dincer CUniversity of Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Sensors, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; University of Freiburg, Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: dincer@imtek.de.
Bruch RUniversity of Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Sensors, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
Kling AETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioanalytics Group, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
Dittrich PSETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioanalytics Group, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
Urban GAUniversity of Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Sensors, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; University of Freiburg, Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
English
Multiplexed point-of-care testing (xPOCT), which is simultaneous on-site detection of different analytes from a single specimen, has recently gained increasing importance for clinical diagnostics, with emerging applications in resource-limited settings (such as in the developing world, in doctors' offices, or directly at home). Nevertheless, only single-analyte approaches are typically considered as the major paradigm in many reviews of point-of-care testing. Here, we comprehensively review the present diagnostic systems and techniques for xPOCT applications. Different multiplexing technologies (e.g., bead- or array-based systems) are considered along with their detection methods (e.g., electrochemical or optical). We also address the unmet needs and challenges of xPOCT. Finally, we critically summarize the in-field applicability and the future perspectives of the presented approaches.