Diaper dermatitis prevalence and severity: Global perspective on the impact of caregiver behavior.
- Carr AN Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- DeWitt T Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Cork MJ Sheffield Children's Hospital and University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Eichenfield LF Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Fölster-Holst R University of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
- Hohl D Beaumont Hospital, CHUV-UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Lane AT Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Paller A Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Pickering L Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Taieb A Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
- Cui TY Beijing United Family Hospital and Clinics, Beijing, China.
- Xu ZG Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Wang X Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Brink S Procter & Gamble, Schwalbach, Germany.
- Niu Y Procter & Gamble, Beijing, China.
- Ogle J Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Odio M Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Gibb RD Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- 2019-12-04
Published in:
- Pediatric dermatology. - 2020
diaper dermatitis
neonatal
skin barrier
Buttocks
Caregivers
China
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diaper Rash
Diapers, Infant
Female
Germany
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Infant
Infant Care
Male
Prevalence
Skin
Surveys and Questionnaires
United States
English
OBJECTIVES
To compare prevalence and severity of diaper dermatitis (DD) in infants and toddlers (babies) across three countries (China, USA, and Germany), including diapered skin measures and caregiver practices.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study of 1791 babies (~600 from each country) was recruited at each clinical site. Based on regional toilet-training habits, exclusively diaper-wearing infants were recruited between ages 2-8 months in China and 2-18 months in the USA and Germany. DD was measured, as well as skin pH, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and relative humidity (RH) in the diapered region. Caregiver habits were collected via a questionnaire and included information on hygienic practices.
RESULTS
Diaper dermatitis was highest in the perianal area, followed by the intertriginous, genital, and buttock regions. In general, DD was significantly lower in babies in China, highest in Germany, and intermediate in the USA. This rank ordering of DD by geography was also observed in baby age 2-8 months. The lower DD observed in China was associated with lower skin pH and TEWL on diapered skin and decreased RH in the diaper. Chinese caregivers had the highest rate of prophylactic topical product usage, the most robust cleaning of the diapered area, lack of cleansing after urine-only diaper changes, and Chinese infants spent the least time in an overnight diaper.
CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest caregiver behaviors including prophylactic use of topical products, thorough cleaning after stooling and reduced time in an overnight diaper are associated with less DD, lower superficial skin pH, and enhanced skin barrier.
To compare prevalence and severity of diaper dermatitis (DD) in infants and toddlers (babies) across three countries (China, USA, and Germany), including diapered skin measures and caregiver practices.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study of 1791 babies (~600 from each country) was recruited at each clinical site. Based on regional toilet-training habits, exclusively diaper-wearing infants were recruited between ages 2-8 months in China and 2-18 months in the USA and Germany. DD was measured, as well as skin pH, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and relative humidity (RH) in the diapered region. Caregiver habits were collected via a questionnaire and included information on hygienic practices.
RESULTS
Diaper dermatitis was highest in the perianal area, followed by the intertriginous, genital, and buttock regions. In general, DD was significantly lower in babies in China, highest in Germany, and intermediate in the USA. This rank ordering of DD by geography was also observed in baby age 2-8 months. The lower DD observed in China was associated with lower skin pH and TEWL on diapered skin and decreased RH in the diaper. Chinese caregivers had the highest rate of prophylactic topical product usage, the most robust cleaning of the diapered area, lack of cleansing after urine-only diaper changes, and Chinese infants spent the least time in an overnight diaper.
CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest caregiver behaviors including prophylactic use of topical products, thorough cleaning after stooling and reduced time in an overnight diaper are associated with less DD, lower superficial skin pH, and enhanced skin barrier.
- Language
-
- English
- Open access status
- hybrid
- Identifiers
-
- DOI 10.1111/pde.14047
- PMID 31793090
- Persistent URL
- https://sonar.ch/global/documents/145233
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