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Immune-checkpoint inhibitors and metastatic prostate cancer therapy: Learning by making mistakes.
Journal article

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors and metastatic prostate cancer therapy: Learning by making mistakes.

  • Claps M Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
  • Mennitto A Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
  • Guadalupi V Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
  • Sepe P Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
  • Stellato M Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
  • Zattarin E Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
  • Gillessen SS Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Bio Medical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Division of Cancer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
  • Sternberg CN Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian, New York, United States.
  • Berruti A Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology Unit, Università degli Studi di Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
  • De Braud FGM Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
  • Verzoni E Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
  • Procopio G Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: Giuseppe.procopio@istitutotumori.mi.it.
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  • 2020-06-24
Published in:
  • Cancer treatment reviews. - 2020
Combination therapy
Immune-checkpoints inhibitors
Immune-suppressive phenotype
Prostate cancer
Tumor mutational burden
Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological
B7-H1 Antigen
CTLA-4 Antigen
Cancer Vaccines
Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic
Humans
Immunotherapy
Male
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
English Despite advances in metastatic prostate cancer therapy, expected survival for patients in the castration-resistant phase of disease is poor. Immune-checkpoints inhibitors significantly prolonged life expectancy in some solid tumors and have been evaluated also in advanced stage prostate cancer. The majority of data available derive from preliminary phase I and II trials evaluating CTLA-4 and PD-1 as monotherapy or in combination with each other, vaccines, radiotherapy or targeted/hormonal therapy, achieving only limited benefits in terms of biochemical and radiologic responses. There are many reasons that may explain why prostate cancer responds poorly to modern immunotherapies, such as its characteristic low tumor mutational burden or immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. The present review summarizes the results obtained treating advanced prostate cancer patients with immune-checkpoints inhibitors and analyzes potential mechanisms of both resistance and sensitivity, in order to hypothesize possible avenues of special interest for future research.
Language
  • English
Open access status
closed
Identifiers
Persistent URL
https://sonar.ch/global/documents/145988
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