Global atmospheric particle formation from CERN CLOUD measurements.
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Dunne EM
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Gordon H
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. hamish.gordon@cern.ch lecksc@ds.leeds.ac.uk.
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Kürten A
Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Almeida J
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Duplissy J
Helsinki Institute of Physics, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Williamson C
Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Ortega IK
Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules (PhLAM), Université Lille 1, UMR 8523 CNRS, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Pringle KJ
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Adamov A
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Baltensperger U
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
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Barmet P
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
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Benduhn F
Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Berliner Straße 130, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany.
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Bianchi F
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Breitenlechner M
Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, Leopold-Franzens University, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Clarke A
Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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Curtius J
Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Dommen J
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
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Donahue NM
Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Ehrhart S
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Flagan RC
Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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Franchin A
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Guida R
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Hakala J
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Hansel A
Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, Leopold-Franzens University, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Heinritzi M
Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Jokinen T
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Kangasluoma J
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Kirkby J
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Kulmala M
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Kupc A
Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngaße 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Lawler MJ
University of Eastern Finland, Post Office Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Lehtipalo K
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Makhmutov V
Lebedev Physical Institute, Solar and Cosmic Ray Research Laboratory, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Mann G
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Mathot S
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Merikanto J
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Miettinen P
University of Eastern Finland, Post Office Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Nenes A
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Onnela A
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Rap A
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Reddington CL
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Riccobono F
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
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Richards NA
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Rissanen MP
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Rondo L
Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Sarnela N
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Schobesberger S
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Sengupta K
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Simon M
Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Sipilä M
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Smith JN
University of Eastern Finland, Post Office Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Stozkhov Y
Lebedev Physical Institute, Solar and Cosmic Ray Research Laboratory, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Tomé A
CENTRA-SIM, University of Lisbon and University of Beira Interior, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Tröstl J
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
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Wagner PE
Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngaße 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Wimmer D
Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Winkler PM
Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngaße 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Worsnop DR
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Carslaw KS
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. hamish.gordon@cern.ch lecksc@ds.leeds.ac.uk.
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Published in:
- Science (New York, N.Y.). - 2016
English
Fundamental questions remain about the origin of newly formed atmospheric aerosol particles because data from laboratory measurements have been insufficient to build global models. In contrast, gas-phase chemistry models have been based on laboratory kinetics measurements for decades. We built a global model of aerosol formation by using extensive laboratory measurements of rates of nucleation involving sulfuric acid, ammonia, ions, and organic compounds conducted in the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber. The simulations and a comparison with atmospheric observations show that nearly all nucleation throughout the present-day atmosphere involves ammonia or biogenic organic compounds, in addition to sulfuric acid. A considerable fraction of nucleation involves ions, but the relatively weak dependence on ion concentrations indicates that for the processes studied, variations in cosmic ray intensity do not appreciably affect climate through nucleation in the present-day atmosphere.
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bronze
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https://sonar.ch/global/documents/159167
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