Journal article
Air pollution and cardiovascular mortality with over 25years follow-up: A combined analysis of two British cohorts.
- Dehbi HM MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK. Electronic address: hakdehbi@gmail.com.
- Blangiardo M MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- Gulliver J MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- Fecht D MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- de Hoogh K MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Al-Kanaani Z MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- Tillin T Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
- Hardy R MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, WC1B 5JU, UK.
- Chaturvedi N Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
- Hansell AL MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
- 2016-12-13
Published in:
- Environment international. - 2017
Environmental epidemiology
Follow-up studies
Long-term exposure
Particles
Particulate matter
Adult
Aged
Air Pollutants
Air Pollution
Cardiovascular Diseases
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Gases
Humans
London
Male
Middle Aged
Particulate Matter
Proportional Hazards Models
Smoke
United Kingdom
English
BACKGROUND
Adverse effects of air pollution on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality are well established. There are comparatively fewer studies in Europe, and in the UK particularly, than in North America. We examined associations in two British cohorts with >25years of follow-up.
METHODS
Annual average NO2, SO2 and black smoke (BS) air pollution exposure estimates for 1991 were obtained from land use regression models using contemporaneous monitoring data. From the European Study of Cohorts and Air Pollution (ESCAPE), air pollution estimates in 2010-11 were obtained for NO2, NOx, PM10, PMcoarse and PM2.5. The exposure estimates were assigned to place of residence 1989 for participants in a national birth cohort born in 1946, the MRC National Study of Health and Development (NSHD), and an adult multi-ethnic London cohort, Southall and Brent Revisited (SABRE) recruited 1988-91. The combined median follow-up was 26years. Single-pollutant competing risk models were employed, adjusting for individual risk factors.
RESULTS
Elevated non-significant hazard ratios for CVD mortality were seen with 1991 BS and SO2 and with ESCAPE PM10 and PM2.5 in fully adjusted linear models. Per 10μg/m3 increase HRs were 1.11 [95% CI: 0.76-1.61] for BS, 1.05 [95% CI: 0.91-1.22] for SO2, 1.16 [95% CI: 0.70-1.92] for PM10 and 1.30 [95% CI: 0.39-4.34] for PM2.5, with largest effects seen in the fourth quartile of BS and PM2.5 compared to the first with HR 1.24 [95% CI: 0.91-1.61] and 1.21 [95% CI: 0.88-1.66] respectively. There were no consistent associations with other ESCAPE pollutants, or with 1991 NO2. Modelling using Cox regression led to similar results.
CONCLUSION
Our results support a detrimental long-term effect for air pollutants on cardiovascular mortality.
Adverse effects of air pollution on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality are well established. There are comparatively fewer studies in Europe, and in the UK particularly, than in North America. We examined associations in two British cohorts with >25years of follow-up.
METHODS
Annual average NO2, SO2 and black smoke (BS) air pollution exposure estimates for 1991 were obtained from land use regression models using contemporaneous monitoring data. From the European Study of Cohorts and Air Pollution (ESCAPE), air pollution estimates in 2010-11 were obtained for NO2, NOx, PM10, PMcoarse and PM2.5. The exposure estimates were assigned to place of residence 1989 for participants in a national birth cohort born in 1946, the MRC National Study of Health and Development (NSHD), and an adult multi-ethnic London cohort, Southall and Brent Revisited (SABRE) recruited 1988-91. The combined median follow-up was 26years. Single-pollutant competing risk models were employed, adjusting for individual risk factors.
RESULTS
Elevated non-significant hazard ratios for CVD mortality were seen with 1991 BS and SO2 and with ESCAPE PM10 and PM2.5 in fully adjusted linear models. Per 10μg/m3 increase HRs were 1.11 [95% CI: 0.76-1.61] for BS, 1.05 [95% CI: 0.91-1.22] for SO2, 1.16 [95% CI: 0.70-1.92] for PM10 and 1.30 [95% CI: 0.39-4.34] for PM2.5, with largest effects seen in the fourth quartile of BS and PM2.5 compared to the first with HR 1.24 [95% CI: 0.91-1.61] and 1.21 [95% CI: 0.88-1.66] respectively. There were no consistent associations with other ESCAPE pollutants, or with 1991 NO2. Modelling using Cox regression led to similar results.
CONCLUSION
Our results support a detrimental long-term effect for air pollutants on cardiovascular mortality.
- Language
-
- English
- Open access status
- hybrid
- Identifiers
-
- DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2016.12.004
- PMID 27939045
- Persistent URL
- https://sonar.ch/global/documents/159979
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