Storm impacts on phytoplankton community dynamics in lakes.
Stockwell JDRubenstein Ecosystem Science Laboratory, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Doubek JPRubenstein Ecosystem Science Laboratory, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Adrian RDepartment of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.
Anneville OCARRTEL, INRAE, University Savoie Mont Blanc, Thonon-les-Bains, France.
Carey CCBiological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Carvalho LFreshwater Restoration & Sustainability Group, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK.
De Senerpont Domis LNAquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Dur GCreative Science Unit (Geoscience), Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Surugaku, Japan.
Frassl MAAustralian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld, Australia.
Grossart HPDepartment of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany.
Ibelings BWDepartment F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Lajeunesse MJDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
Lewandowska AMTvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland.
Llames MELaboratorio de Ecología Acuática, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH) (UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Matsuzaki SSCenter for Environmental Biology & Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.
Nodine EREnvironmental Studies, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL, USA.
Nõges PInstitute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.
Patil VPAlaska Science Center, US Geological Survey, Anchorage, AK, USA.
Pomati FAquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Water Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland.
Rinke KLake Research, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Magdeburg, Germany.
Rudstam LGDepartment of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Rusak JADorset Environmental Science Centre, Ontario Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks, Dorset, ON, Canada.
Salmaso NDepartment of Sustainable Agro-ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
Seltmann CTDepartment of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.
Straile DDepartment of Biology, Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
Thackeray SJLake Ecosystems Group, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK.
Thiery WInstitute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Urrutia-Cordero PDepartment of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Venail PDepartment F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Verburg PNational Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Woolway RICentre for Freshwater and Environmental Studies, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland.
English
In many regions across the globe, extreme weather events such as storms have increased in frequency, intensity, and duration due to climate change. Ecological theory predicts that such extreme events should have large impacts on ecosystem structure and function. High winds and precipitation associated with storms can affect lakes via short-term runoff events from watersheds and physical mixing of the water column. In addition, lakes connected to rivers and streams will also experience flushing due to high flow rates. Although we have a well-developed understanding of how wind and precipitation events can alter lake physical processes and some aspects of biogeochemical cycling, our mechanistic understanding of the emergent responses of phytoplankton communities is poor. Here we provide a comprehensive synthesis that identifies how storms interact with lake and watershed attributes and their antecedent conditions to generate changes in lake physical and chemical environments. Such changes can restructure phytoplankton communities and their dynamics, as well as result in altered ecological function (e.g., carbon, nutrient and energy cycling) in the short- and long-term. We summarize the current understanding of storm-induced phytoplankton dynamics, identify knowledge gaps with a systematic review of the literature, and suggest future research directions across a gradient of lake types and environmental conditions.