Prior Stroke in PFO Patients Is Associated With Both PFO-Related and -Unrelated Factors.

• Kahles T Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
• Michel P Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
• Hapfelmeier A Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, München, Germany.
• Eberli FR Department of Cardiology, Municipal Hospital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland.
• Zedde M Department of Neurology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
• Thijs V Department of Neurology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
• Kraemer M Department of Neurology, Alfried-Krupp Krankenhaus, Essen, Germany.
• Engelter ST Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
• Serena J Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Girona, Girona, Spain.
• Weimar C Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany.
• Mallmann A Department of Neurology, Klinikum Worms, Worms, Germany.
• Luft A Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
• Hemelsoet D Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
• Thaler DE Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.
• Müller-Eichelberg A Ammerland Klinik, Westerstede, Germany.
• De Pauw A Department of Neurology, AZ Sint Blasius, Dendermonde, Belgium.
• Sztajzel R Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
• Armon C Department of Neurology, Baystate Health Center, Springfield, MA, United States.
• Kent DM Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.
• Meier B Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
• Mattle HP Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
• Fischer U Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
• Arnold M Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
• Mono ML Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
• Nedeltchev K Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.

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International PFO Consortium

PFO

cryptogenic stroke

hypercholesterolemia

patent foramen ovale

prior stroke

right-to-left shunt

risk factor