An Update on Addison's Disease.
- Barthel A Medicover, Bochum, Germany.
- Benker G Medicover, Bochum, Germany.
- Berens K Medicover, Bochum, Germany.
- Diederich S Medicover, Berlin-Mitte, Germany.
- Manfras B Medicover, Ulm and Neu-Ulm, Germany.
- Gruber M Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
- Kanczkowski W Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
- Kline G University of Calgary, Calgary, AB,Canada.
- Kamvissi-Lorenz V Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
- Hahner S Department of Medicine I, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.
- Beuschlein F Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Brennand A Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
- Boehm BO Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, NTU Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Torpy DJ Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, Australia.
- Bornstein SR Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
- 2018-12-19
Published in:
- Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association. - 2019
English
Addison's disease - the traditional term for primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) - is defined as the clinical manifestation of chronic glucocorticoid- and/or mineralocorticoid deficiency due to failure of the adrenal cortex which may result in an adrenal crisis with potentially life-threatening consequences. Even though efficient and safe pharmaceutical preparations for the substitution of endogenous gluco- and mineralocorticoids are established in therapy, the mortality in patients with PAI is still increased and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is often reduced.PAI is a rare disease but recent data report an increasing prevalence. In addition to the common "classical" causes of PAI like autoimmune, infectious, neoplastic and genetic disorders, other iatrogenic conditions - mostly pharmacological side effects (e. g., adrenal haemorrhage associated with anticoagulants, drugs affecting glucocorticoid synthesis, action or metabolism and some of the novel anti-cancer checkpoint inhibitors) are contributing factors to this phenomenon.Due to the rarity of the disease and often non-specific symptoms at least in the early stages, PAI is frequently not considered resulting in a delayed diagnosis. Successful therapy is mainly based on adequate patient education as a cornerstone in the prevention and management of adrenal crisis. A focus of current research is in the development of pharmacokinetically optimized glucocorticoid preparations as well as regenerative therapies.
- Language
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- English
- Open access status
- bronze
- Identifiers
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- DOI 10.1055/a-0804-2715
- PMID 30562824
- Persistent URL
- https://sonar.ch/global/documents/215765
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