Journal article
Is "milk crust" a transient form of golden retriever ichthyosis?
- Roethig A Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Frankfurter Straße 126, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- Schildt KJ Animagi Aurinkolahti, Solvikinkatu 13, 00990, Helsinki, Finland.
- Welle MM Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggasstraße 122, PO Box 8466, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.
- Wildermuth BE Tierdermatologie Wildermuth, Borsigstraße 7, 65205, Wiesbaden, Germany.
- Neiger R Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Frankfurter Straße 126, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- Thom N Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Frankfurter Straße 126, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- 2015-07-17
Published in:
- Veterinary dermatology. - 2015
Animals
Animals, Newborn
Biopsy
Dog Diseases
Dogs
Heterozygote
Homozygote
Ichthyosis
Lipase
Mutation
Skin
English
BACKGROUND
A recessive inherited form of lamellar ichthyosis is well recognized in golden retrievers. In this breed, young puppies demonstrate a self-limiting scaling disorder which is commonly recognized by breeders, who use the term "milk crust" to describe this syndrome.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES
To determine whether "milk crust" is a new keratinization disorder or a self-limiting form of golden retriever ichthyosis.
ANIMALS
A total of 179 golden retriever dogs (21 dams and 158 puppies) were examined.
METHODS
Dermatological examination and assessment of the patatin-like phospholipase-1 (PNPLA1) genotype by PCR testing of buccal mucosal swabs. Skin biopsies from one affected puppy were evaluated for histopathological abnormalities.
RESULTS
Forty-five of 158 (28%) puppies exhibited scaling at 8 weeks of age; 113 of 158 (72%) were dermatologically normal. Of 144 analysed samples, 40 of 144 (28%) puppies demonstrated a homozygous mutation of the PNPLA1 genotype [of which, 36 of 40 (90%) had signs of scaling], 77 of 144 (53%) demonstrated a heterozygous mutation and 27 of 144 (19%) were a normal wild-type. In six of 17 (35%) dams, a homozygous mutation of the PNPLA1 genotype was found, eight of 17 (47%) demonstrated a heterozygous mutation and three of 17 (18%) were normal wild-type. Dams with a homozygous mutation were clinically unaffected. A 1 year follow-up revealed that 23 of 28 (82%) puppies affected with this syndrome failed to develop typical signs of ichthyosis. In five of 28 (18%) dogs there was persistence of mild scaling.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
We hypothesize that the clinical syndrome termed "milk crust" could represent a transient form of golden retriever ichthyosis. Remission is not fully linked to PNPLA1 genotype, suggesting that unknown factors may contribute to the clinical disease.
A recessive inherited form of lamellar ichthyosis is well recognized in golden retrievers. In this breed, young puppies demonstrate a self-limiting scaling disorder which is commonly recognized by breeders, who use the term "milk crust" to describe this syndrome.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES
To determine whether "milk crust" is a new keratinization disorder or a self-limiting form of golden retriever ichthyosis.
ANIMALS
A total of 179 golden retriever dogs (21 dams and 158 puppies) were examined.
METHODS
Dermatological examination and assessment of the patatin-like phospholipase-1 (PNPLA1) genotype by PCR testing of buccal mucosal swabs. Skin biopsies from one affected puppy were evaluated for histopathological abnormalities.
RESULTS
Forty-five of 158 (28%) puppies exhibited scaling at 8 weeks of age; 113 of 158 (72%) were dermatologically normal. Of 144 analysed samples, 40 of 144 (28%) puppies demonstrated a homozygous mutation of the PNPLA1 genotype [of which, 36 of 40 (90%) had signs of scaling], 77 of 144 (53%) demonstrated a heterozygous mutation and 27 of 144 (19%) were a normal wild-type. In six of 17 (35%) dams, a homozygous mutation of the PNPLA1 genotype was found, eight of 17 (47%) demonstrated a heterozygous mutation and three of 17 (18%) were normal wild-type. Dams with a homozygous mutation were clinically unaffected. A 1 year follow-up revealed that 23 of 28 (82%) puppies affected with this syndrome failed to develop typical signs of ichthyosis. In five of 28 (18%) dogs there was persistence of mild scaling.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
We hypothesize that the clinical syndrome termed "milk crust" could represent a transient form of golden retriever ichthyosis. Remission is not fully linked to PNPLA1 genotype, suggesting that unknown factors may contribute to the clinical disease.
- Language
-
- English
- Open access status
- closed
- Identifiers
-
- DOI 10.1111/vde.12216
- PMID 26178606
- Persistent URL
- https://sonar.ch/global/documents/22509
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