Identification of a Potential Antimalarial Drug Candidate from a Series of 2-Aminopyrazines by Optimization of Aqueous Solubility and Potency across the Parasite Life Cycle.
Le Manach CDrug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
Nchinda ATDrug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
Paquet TDrug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
Gonzàlez Cabrera DDrug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
Younis YDrug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
Han ZDrug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
Bashyam SSyngene International Ltd. , Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India.
Zabiulla MSyngene International Ltd. , Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India.
Taylor DDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town , Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
Lawrence NDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town , Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
White KLCentre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia.
Charman SACentre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia.
Waterson DMedicines for Malaria Venture , ICC, Route de Pré-Bois 20, P.O. Box 1826, 1215 Geneva, Switzerland.
Witty MJMedicines for Malaria Venture , ICC, Route de Pré-Bois 20, P.O. Box 1826, 1215 Geneva, Switzerland.
Wittlin SSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
Botha MEDepartment of Biochemistry, Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria , Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa.
Nondaba SHDepartment of Biochemistry, Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria , Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa.
Reader JDepartment of Biochemistry, Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria , Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa.
Birkholtz LMDepartment of Biochemistry, Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria , Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa.
Jiménez-Díaz MBGlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa, 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
Martínez MSGlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa, 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
Ferrer SGlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa, 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
Angulo-Barturen IGlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa, 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
Meister SDepartment of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD) , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
Antonova-Koch YDepartment of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD) , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
Winzeler EADepartment of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD) , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
Street LJDrug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
Chibale KDrug Discovery and Development Center (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
English
Introduction of water-solubilizing groups on the 5-phenyl ring of a 2-aminopyrazine series led to the identification of highly potent compounds against the blood life-cycle stage of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Several compounds displayed high in vivo efficacy in two different mouse models for malaria, P. berghei-infected mice and P. falciparum-infected NOD-scid IL-2Rγnull mice. One of the frontrunners, compound 3, was identified to also have good pharmacokinetics and additionally very potent activity against the liver and gametocyte parasite life-cycle stages.