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Vestibulo-spinal and vestibulo-ocular reflexes are modulated when standing with increased postural threat.

  • Naranjo EN School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
  • Cleworth TW School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
  • Allum JH School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland;
  • Inglis JT School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and.
  • Lea J BC Rotary Hearing and Balance Centre at St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
  • Westerberg BD BC Rotary Hearing and Balance Centre at St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
  • Carpenter MG School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and mark.carpenter@ubc.ca.
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  • 2015-12-04
Published in:
  • Journal of neurophysiology. - 2016
anxiety
arousal
fear
head impulse test
standing
vestibular evoked myogenic potential
vestibulo-ocular reflex
vestibulo-spinal reflex
Adult
Arousal
Evoked Potentials, Motor
Eye Movements
Female
Humans
Male
Muscle, Skeletal
Postural Balance
Posture
Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular
Spinal Cord
Vestibular Nuclei
Vestibule, Labyrinth
English We investigated how vestibulo-spinal reflexes (VSRs) and vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VORs) measured through vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) and video head impulse test (vHIT) outcomes, respectively, are modulated during standing under conditions of increased postural threat. Twenty-five healthy young adults stood quietly at low (0.8 m from the ground) and high (3.2 m) surface height conditions in two experiments. For the first experiment (n = 25) VEMPs were recorded with surface EMG from inferior oblique (IO), sternocleidomastoid (SCM), trapezius (TRP), and soleus (SOL) muscles in response to 256 air-conducted short tone bursts (125 dB SPL, 500 Hz, 4 ms) delivered via headphones. A subset of subjects (n = 19) also received horizontal and vertical head thrusts (∼150°/s) at each height in a separate session, comparing eye and head velocities by using a vHIT system for calculating the functional VOR gains. VEMP amplitudes (IO, TRP, SOL) and horizontal and vertical vHIT gains all increased with high surface height conditions (P < 0.05). Changes in IO and SCM VEMP amplitudes as well as horizontal vHIT gains were correlated with changes in electrodermal activity (ρ = 0.44-0.59, P < 0.05). VEMP amplitude for the IO also positively correlated with fear (ρ = 0.43, P = 0.03). Threat-induced anxiety, fear, and arousal have significant effects on VSR and VOR gains that can be observed in both physiological and functional outcome measures. These findings provide support for a potential central modulation of the vestibular nucleus complex through excitatory inputs from neural centers involved in processing fear, anxiety, arousal, and vigilance.
Language
  • English
Open access status
bronze
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https://sonar.ch/global/documents/232036
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