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Quantitative microbial risk assessment related to urban wastewater and lagoon water reuse in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

  • Yapo RI Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques de Côte d'Ivoire (CSRS), 01 B.P. 1303 Abidjan 01, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
  • Koné B Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques de Côte d'Ivoire (CSRS), 01 B.P. 1303 Abidjan 01, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Université Péléforo-Gbon-Coulibaly, B.P.1328 Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire.
  • Bonfoh B Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques de Côte d'Ivoire (CSRS), 01 B.P. 1303 Abidjan 01, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
  • Cissé G Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland E-mail: hung.nguyen@unibas.ch.
  • Zinsstag J Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland E-mail: hung.nguyen@unibas.ch.
  • Nguyen-Viet H Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland E-mail: hung.nguyen@unibas.ch; Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research (CENPHER), Hanoi School of Public Health (HSPH), 138 Giang Vo, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Sandec, P. O. Box, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; and International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi, Vietnam.
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  • 2014-06-18
Published in:
  • Journal of water and health. - 2014
Cities
Cote d'Ivoire
Cross-Sectional Studies
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli Infections
Escherichia coli O157
Giardia lamblia
Giardiasis
Humans
Risk Assessment
Seawater
Surveys and Questionnaires
Waste Water
Water Quality
English We assessed the infection risks related to the use of wastewater in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, by using quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). Giardia lamblia and Escherichia coli were isolated and identified in wastewater samples from the canal and lagoon. The exposure assessment was conducted using a cross-sectional survey by questionnaire with 150 individuals who were in contact with the wastewater during their daily activities of swimming, fishing, washing, and collecting materials for reuse. Risk was characterised using the Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations. Results showed high contamination of water by G. lamblia and E. coli (12.8 CFU/100 mL to 2.97 × 10(4)CFU/100 mL and from 0 cyst/L to 18.5 cysts/L, respectively). Estimates of yearly average infection risks for E. coli (90.07-99.90%, assuming that 8% of E. coli were E. coli O157:H7) and G. lamblia (9.4-34.78%) were much higher than the acceptable risk (10(-4)). These results suggest the need for wastewater treatment plants, raising awareness in the population in contact with urban wastewater and lagoon water. Our study also showed that QMRA is appropriate to study health risks in settings with limited data and budget resources.
Language
  • English
Open access status
bronze
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https://sonar.ch/global/documents/238208
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