Suspected non-Alzheimer disease pathophysiology--concept and controversy.
- Jack CR Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
- Knopman DS Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
- Chételat G INSERM, Université de Caen, EPHE, CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France.
- Dickson D Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA.
- Fagan AM Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 4488 Forest Park Avenue, Suite 101, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.
- Frisoni GB University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Genève, Switzerland.
- Jagust W Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, 175 Li Ka Shing Center, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
- Mormino EC Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
- Petersen RC Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
- Sperling RA Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
- van der Flier WM Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Villemagne VL Department of Molecular Imaging &Therapy, Centre for PET, Austin Health, 145 Studley Road, PO Box 5555 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3084.
- Visser PJ Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616 MD Maastricht, Netherlands.
- Vos SJ Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616 MD Maastricht, Netherlands.
- 2016-01-20
Published in:
- Nature reviews. Neurology. - 2016
English
Suspected non-Alzheimer disease pathophysiology (SNAP) is a biomarker-based concept that applies to individuals with normal levels of amyloid-β biomarkers in the brain, but in whom biomarkers of neurodegeneration are abnormal. The term SNAP has been applied to clinically normal individuals (who do not meet criteria for either mild cognitive impairment or dementia) and to individuals with mild cognitive impairment, but is applicable to any amyloid-negative, neurodegeneration-positive individual regardless of clinical status, except when the pathology underlying neurodegeneration can be reliably inferred from the clinical presentation. SNAP is present in ∼23% of clinically normal individuals aged >65 years and in ∼25% of mildly cognitively impaired individuals. APOE*ε4 is underrepresented in individuals with SNAP compared with amyloid-positive individuals. Clinically normal and mildly impaired individuals with SNAP have worse clinical and/or cognitive outcomes than individuals with normal levels of neurodegeneration and amyloid-β biomarkers. In this Perspectives article, we describe the available data on SNAP and address topical controversies in the field.
- Language
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- English
- Open access status
- green
- Identifiers
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- DOI 10.1038/nrneurol.2015.251
- PMID 26782335
- Persistent URL
- https://sonar.ch/global/documents/246367
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