NEMA NU-4 2008 performance evaluation of Xtrim-PET: A prototype SiPM-based preclinical scanner.
- Amirrashedi M Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Sarkar S Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Ghafarian P Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Hashemi Shahraki R Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Geramifar P Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Zaidi H Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland.
- Ay MR Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 2019-08-27
Published in:
- Medical physics. - 2019
NEMA standard
PET
detectors
performance evaluation
small animal imaging
Animals
Equipment Design
Mice
Optical Phenomena
Phantoms, Imaging
Photons
Positron-Emission Tomography
Rats
Signal-To-Noise Ratio
Silicon
English
PURPOSE
Xtrim-PET is a newly designed Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs)-based prototype PET scanner dedicated for small laboratory animal imaging. We present the performance evaluation of the Xtrim-PET scanner following NEMA NU-4 2008 standards to help optimizing scanning protocols which can be achieved through standard and reliable system performance characterization.
METHODS
The performance assessment was conducted according to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU-4 2008 standards in terms of spatial resolution, sensitivity, counting rate performance, scatter fraction and image quality. The in vivo imaging capability of the scanner is also showcased through scanning a normal mouse injected with 18 F-FDG. Furthermore, the performance characteristics of the developed scanner are compared with commercially available systems and current prototypes.
RESULTS
The volumetric spatial resolution at 5 mm radial offset from the central axis of the scanner is 6.81 µl, whereas a peak absolute sensitivity of 2.99% was achieved using a 250-650 keV energy window and a 10 ns timing window. The peak noise-equivalent count rate (NECR) using a mouse-like phantom is 113.18 kcps at 0.34 KBq/cc with 12.5% scatter fraction, whereas the NECR peaked at 82.76 kcps for an activity concentration level of 0.048 KBq/cc with a scatter fraction of 25.8% for rat-like phantom. An excellent uniformity (3.8%) was obtained using NEMA image quality phantom. Recovery coefficients of 90%, 86%, 68%, 40% and 12% were calculated for rod diameters of 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 mm, respectively. Spill-over ratios for air-filled and water-filled chambers were 35% and 25% without applying any correction for attenuation and Compton scattering effects.
CONCLUSION
Our findings revealed that beyond compactness, lightweight, easy installation and good energy resolution, the Xtrim-PET prototype presents a reasonable performance making it suitable for preclinical molecular imaging-based research.
Xtrim-PET is a newly designed Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs)-based prototype PET scanner dedicated for small laboratory animal imaging. We present the performance evaluation of the Xtrim-PET scanner following NEMA NU-4 2008 standards to help optimizing scanning protocols which can be achieved through standard and reliable system performance characterization.
METHODS
The performance assessment was conducted according to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU-4 2008 standards in terms of spatial resolution, sensitivity, counting rate performance, scatter fraction and image quality. The in vivo imaging capability of the scanner is also showcased through scanning a normal mouse injected with 18 F-FDG. Furthermore, the performance characteristics of the developed scanner are compared with commercially available systems and current prototypes.
RESULTS
The volumetric spatial resolution at 5 mm radial offset from the central axis of the scanner is 6.81 µl, whereas a peak absolute sensitivity of 2.99% was achieved using a 250-650 keV energy window and a 10 ns timing window. The peak noise-equivalent count rate (NECR) using a mouse-like phantom is 113.18 kcps at 0.34 KBq/cc with 12.5% scatter fraction, whereas the NECR peaked at 82.76 kcps for an activity concentration level of 0.048 KBq/cc with a scatter fraction of 25.8% for rat-like phantom. An excellent uniformity (3.8%) was obtained using NEMA image quality phantom. Recovery coefficients of 90%, 86%, 68%, 40% and 12% were calculated for rod diameters of 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 mm, respectively. Spill-over ratios for air-filled and water-filled chambers were 35% and 25% without applying any correction for attenuation and Compton scattering effects.
CONCLUSION
Our findings revealed that beyond compactness, lightweight, easy installation and good energy resolution, the Xtrim-PET prototype presents a reasonable performance making it suitable for preclinical molecular imaging-based research.
- Language
-
- English
- Open access status
- green
- Identifiers
-
- DOI 10.1002/mp.13785
- PMID 31448421
- Persistent URL
- https://sonar.ch/global/documents/252126
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