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Journal article

Sex-dependent consequences of neonatal brain hypoxia-ischemia in the rat.

  • Netto CA Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
  • Sanches E Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Odorcyk FK Postgraduate Program of Neurosciences, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
  • Duran-Carabali LE Postgraduate Program of Physiology, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
  • Weis SN Department of Cellular Biology, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
  • 2016-11-22
Published in:
  • Journal of neuroscience research. - 2017
cell death pathways
mitochondria
neonatal hypoxia-ischemia
sexual dimorphism
Animals
Animals, Newborn
Brain
Developmental Disabilities
Disease Models, Animal
Female
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain
Male
Rats
Sex Characteristics
English Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is an important cause of neurological deficits in humans, and the Levine-Rice model of experimental HI in the rat mimics the human brain lesion and the following sensory motor deficits and cognitive disabilities. With the growing evidence that sex influences all levels of brain functions, this Mini-Review highlights studies in which sex was a controlled variable and that provided evidence of sexual dimorphism in behavioral outcome, extension of brain damage, mechanisms of lesion, and treatment efficacy in the rat neonatal HI model. It was shown that 1) females have greater memory deficits; 2) cell death is dependent mainly on caspase activation in females; 3) males are more susceptible to oxidative stress; and 4) treatments acting on distinct cell death pathways afford sex-dependent neuroprotection. These tentative conclusions, along with growing evidence from other fields of neurobiology, support the need for scientists to design their experiments considering sex as an important variable; otherwise, important knowledge will continue to be missed. It is conceivable that sex can influence the development of efficacious therapeutic tools to treat neonates suffering from brain HI. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Language
  • English
Open access status
bronze
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https://sonar.ch/global/documents/252133
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