Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology: Update 2017.
Hiemke CDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Bergemann NKitzberg Hospitals, Center for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Bad Mergentheim, Germany.
Clement HWDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Conca AServizio Psichiatrico del Comprensorio Sanitario di Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.
Deckert JDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany.
Domschke KDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Egberts KDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany.
Gerlach MDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany.
Greiner CFederal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany.
Gründer GDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, and JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany.
Haen EClinical Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Havemann-Reinecke UDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Paulzen MDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, and JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany.
Schoretsanitis GDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Schwarz MDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.
Gracia MSClinical Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Stegmann BClinical Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Steimer WInstitute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Stingl JCFederal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany.
Uhr MMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
English
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is the quantification and interpretation of drug concentrations in blood to optimize pharmacotherapy. It considers the interindividual variability of pharmacokinetics and thus enables personalized pharmacotherapy. In psychiatry and neurology, patient populations that may particularly benefit from TDM are children and adolescents, pregnant women, elderly patients, individuals with intellectual disabilities, patients with substance abuse disorders, forensic psychiatric patients or patients with known or suspected pharmacokinetic abnormalities. Non-response at therapeutic doses, uncertain drug adherence, suboptimal tolerability, or pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions are typical indications for TDM. However, the potential benefits of TDM to optimize pharmacotherapy can only be obtained if the method is adequately integrated in the clinical treatment process. To supply treating physicians and laboratories with valid information on TDM, the TDM task force of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) issued their first guidelines for TDM in psychiatry in 2004. After an update in 2011, it was time for the next update. Following the new guidelines holds the potential to improve neuropsychopharmacotherapy, accelerate the recovery of many patients, and reduce health care costs.