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Global Distribution of Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis.

  • Deplazes P University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Rinaldi L University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
  • Alvarez Rojas CA The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
  • Torgerson PR University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Harandi MF Research centre of Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
  • Romig T University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
  • Antolova D Institute of Parasitology SAS, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
  • Schurer JM University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
  • Lahmar S National School of Veterinary Medicine, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.
  • Cringoli G University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
  • Magambo J Meru University of Science and Technology, Meru, Kenya.
  • Thompson RC Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
  • Jenkins EJ University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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  • 2017-01-30
Published in:
  • Advances in parasitology. - 2017
E. canadensis
E. equinus
E. intermedius
E. ortleppi
Echinococcus granulosus
Echinococcus multilocularis
Host assemblages
Maps
Molecular epidemiology
Transmission
Animals
Echinococcosis
Echinococcosis, Hepatic
Echinococcus
Global Health
Humans
Incidence
Molecular Epidemiology
Prevalence
Zoonoses
English Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE) are severe helminthic zoonoses. Echinococcus multilocularis (causative agent of AE) is widely distributed in the northern hemisphere where it is typically maintained in a wild animal cycle including canids as definitive hosts and rodents as intermediate hosts. The species Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus ortleppi, Echinococcus canadensis and Echinococcus intermedius are the causative agents of CE with a worldwide distribution and a highly variable human disease burden in the different endemic areas depending upon human behavioural risk factors, the diversity and ecology of animal host assemblages and the genetic diversity within Echinococcus species which differ in their zoonotic potential and pathogenicity. Both AE and CE are regarded as neglected zoonoses, with a higher overall burden of disease for CE due to its global distribution and high regional prevalence, but a higher pathogenicity and case fatality rate for AE, especially in Asia. Over the past two decades, numerous studies have addressed the epidemiology and distribution of these Echinococcus species worldwide, resulting in better-defined boundaries of the endemic areas. This chapter presents the global distribution of Echinococcus species and human AE and CE in maps and summarizes the global data on host assemblages, transmission, prevalence in animal definitive hosts, incidence in people and molecular epidemiology.
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  • English
Open access status
green
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Persistent URL
https://sonar.ch/global/documents/266496
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