An Analysis of Two Genome-wide Association Meta-analyses Identifies a New Locus for Broad Depression Phenotype.
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Direk N
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Williams S
Department of Genetics, Genomic Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Smith JA
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Ripke S
Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Campus Mitte, Berlin.
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Air T
Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia.
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Amare AT
Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen; Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia.
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Amin N
Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam.
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Baune BT
Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia.
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Bennett DA
Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center & Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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Blackwood DHR
Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh.
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Boomsma D
Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Breen G
MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London.
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Buttenschøn HN
Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus.
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Byrne EM
Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland.
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Børglum AD
Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus.
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Castelao E
Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne.
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Cichon S
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Bonn; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Clarke TK
Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh.
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Cornelis MC
Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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Dannlowski U
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster.
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De Jager PL
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge; Department of Neurology, Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
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Demirkan A
Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam.
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Domenici E
Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Medicine Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland; Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
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van Duijn CM
Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam.
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Dunn EC
Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge; Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
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Eriksson JG
National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki; Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki; Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland.
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Esko T
Program in Medical and Populational Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge; Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Cambridge; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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Faul JD
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Ferrucci L
Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Fornage M
Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
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de Geus E
Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Gill M
Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Science, Dublin, Ireland.
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Gordon SD
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane.
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Grabe HJ
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios Hospital Stralsund, Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Site Rostock/Greifswald, Munich.
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van Grootheest G
Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam and EMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hamilton SP
Department of Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco.
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Hartman CA
Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen.
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Heath AC
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
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Hek K
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam.
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Hofman A
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam.
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Homuth G
Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Munich.
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Horn C
Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Medicine Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
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Jan Hottenga J
Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kardia SLR
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Kloiber S
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich.
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Koenen K
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.
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Kutalik Z
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne.
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Ladwig KH
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; Institute of Epidemiology II, Mental Health Research Unit, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg.
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Lahti J
Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki.
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Levinson DF
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
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Lewis CM
MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London.
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Lewis G
Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London.
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Li QS
Janssen Research & Development LLC, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
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Llewellyn DJ
University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter.
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Lucae S
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich.
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Lunetta KL
Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Framingham, Massachusetts; Boston University and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts.
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MacIntyre DJ
Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh.
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Madden P
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
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Martin NG
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane.
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McIntosh AM
Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh.
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Metspalu A
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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Milaneschi Y
Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam and EMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Montgomery GW
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane.
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Mors O
The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus; Research Department P, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark.
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Mosley TH
Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
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Murabito JM
Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Boston University and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts.
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Müller-Myhsok B
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich; University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool.
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Nöthen MM
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Bonn.
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Nyholt DR
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland.
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O'Donovan MC
MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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Penninx BW
Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam and EMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Pergadia ML
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida.
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Perlis R
Center for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
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Potash JB
Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.
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Preisig M
Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne.
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Purcell SM
Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Quiroz JA
Solid GT, Boston; Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Medicine Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
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Räikkönen K
Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki.
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Rice JP
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
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Rietschel M
Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim.
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Rivera M
MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London; CIBERSAM-Universidad de Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Schulze TG
Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Shi J
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Shyn S
Group Health, Seattle, Washington.
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Sinnamon GC
Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
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Smit JH
Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam and EMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Smoller JW
Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge; Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
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Snieder H
Unit of Genetic Epidemiology & Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen.
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Tanaka T
Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Tansey KE
MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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Teumer A
Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Munich.
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Uher R
MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London; Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Umbricht D
Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Medicine Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
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Van der Auwera S
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Site Rostock/Greifswald, Munich.
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Ware EB
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Weir DR
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Weissman MM
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
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Willemsen G
Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Yang J
Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center & Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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Zhao W
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Tiemeier H
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam. Electronic address: h.tiemeier@erasmusmc.nl.
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Sullivan PF
Department of Psychiatry, Genomic Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Psychiatric Genomics, Genomic Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
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Published in:
- Biological psychiatry. - 2017
English
BACKGROUND
The genetics of depression has been explored in genome-wide association studies that focused on either major depressive disorder or depressive symptoms with mostly negative findings. A broad depression phenotype including both phenotypes has not been tested previously using a genome-wide association approach. We aimed to identify genetic polymorphisms significantly associated with a broad phenotype from depressive symptoms to major depressive disorder.
METHODS
We analyzed two prior studies of 70,017 participants of European ancestry from general and clinical populations in the discovery stage. We performed a replication meta-analysis of 28,328 participants. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability and genetic correlations were calculated using linkage disequilibrium score regression. Discovery and replication analyses were performed using a p-value-based meta-analysis. Lifetime major depressive disorder and depressive symptom scores were used as the outcome measures.
RESULTS
The SNP-based heritability of major depressive disorder was 0.21 (SE = 0.02), the SNP-based heritability of depressive symptoms was 0.04 (SE = 0.01), and their genetic correlation was 1.001 (SE = 0.2). We found one genome-wide significant locus related to the broad depression phenotype (rs9825823, chromosome 3: 61,082,153, p = 8.2 × 10-9) located in an intron of the FHIT gene. We replicated this SNP in independent samples (p = .02) and the overall meta-analysis of the discovery and replication cohorts (1.0 × 10-9).
CONCLUSIONS
This large study identified a new locus for depression. Our results support a continuum between depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder. A phenotypically more inclusive approach may help to achieve the large sample sizes needed to detect susceptibility loci for depression.
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https://sonar.ch/global/documents/270451
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