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Evolution without standing genetic variation: change in transgenerational plastic response under persistent predation pressure.

  • Sentis A Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France. Arnaud.sentis@sete.cnrs.fr.
  • Bertram R Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.
  • Dardenne N Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.
  • Ramon-Portugal F Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.
  • Espinasse G Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.
  • Louit I Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.
  • Negri L Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.
  • Haeler E Forest Science; Bern University of Applied Sciences - School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL, Zollikofen, 3052, Switzerland.
  • Ashkar T Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.
  • Pannetier T Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.
  • Cunningham JL Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.
  • Grunau C University of Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, F-66860, France.
  • Le Trionnaire G UMR 1349; IGEPP (Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes); INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université Rennes 1; Domaine de la Motte B.P. 35327, Le Rheu cedex, F-35653, France.
  • Simon JC UMR 1349; IGEPP (Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes); INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université Rennes 1; Domaine de la Motte B.P. 35327, Le Rheu cedex, F-35653, France.
  • Magro A Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.
  • Pujol B Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.
  • Hemptinne JL Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.
  • Danchin E Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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  • 2018-07-01
Published in:
  • Heredity. - 2018
Adaptation, Physiological
Animals
Aphids
Biological Evolution
Fabaceae
Genetic Variation
Predatory Behavior
Stress, Physiological
Wings, Animal
English Transgenerational phenotypic plasticity is a fast non-genetic response to environmental modifications that can buffer the effects of environmental stresses on populations. However, little is known about the evolution of plasticity in the absence of standing genetic variation although several non-genetic inheritance mechanisms have now been identified. Here we monitored the pea aphid transgenerational phenotypic response to ladybird predators (production of winged offspring) during 27 generations of experimental evolution in the absence of initial genetic variation (clonal multiplication starting from a single individual). We found that the frequency of winged aphids first increased rapidly in response to predators and then remained stable over 25 generations, implying a stable phenotypic reconstruction at each generation. We also found that the high frequency of winged aphids persisted for one generation after removing predators. Winged aphid frequency then entered a refractory phase during which it dropped below the level of control lines for at least two generations before returning to it. Interestingly, the persistence of the winged phenotype decreased and the refractory phase lasted longer with the increasing number of generations of exposure to predators. Finally, we found that aphids continuously exposed to predators for 22 generations evolved a significantly weaker plastic response than aphids never exposed to predators, which, in turn, increased their fitness in presence of predators. Our findings therefore showcased an example of experimental evolution of plasticity in the absence of initial genetic variation and highlight the importance of integrating several components of non-genetic inheritance to detect evolutionary responses to environmental changes.
Language
  • English
Open access status
bronze
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Persistent URL
https://sonar.ch/global/documents/279007
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