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Initial Upper Palaeolithic Homo sapiens from Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria.
Journal article

Initial Upper Palaeolithic Homo sapiens from Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria.

  • Hublin JJ Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. hublin@eva.mpg.de.
  • Sirakov N National Institute of Archaeology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • Aldeias V Interdisciplinary Centre for Archaeology and the Evolution of Human Behaviour, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
  • Bailey S Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
  • Bard E CEREGE, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Collège de France, Aix-en-Provence, France.
  • Delvigne V Service de Préhistoire, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
  • Endarova E National History Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • Fagault Y CEREGE, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Collège de France, Aix-en-Provence, France.
  • Fewlass H Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
  • Hajdinjak M Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
  • Kromer B Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
  • Krumov I History Museum, Belogradchik, Bulgaria.
  • Marreiros J Interdisciplinary Centre for Archaeology and the Evolution of Human Behaviour, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
  • Martisius NL Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
  • Paskulin L Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
  • Sinet-Mathiot V Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
  • Meyer M Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
  • Pääbo S Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
  • Popov V Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • Rezek Z Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
  • Sirakova S National Institute of Archaeology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • Skinner MM Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
  • Smith GM Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
  • Spasov R Archaeology Department, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • Talamo S Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
  • Tuna T CEREGE, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Collège de France, Aix-en-Provence, France.
  • Wacker L Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Welker F Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
  • Wilcke A Department of Cell Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany.
  • Zahariev N Archaeology Department, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • McPherron SP Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
  • Tsanova T Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
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  • 2020-05-21
Published in:
  • Nature. - 2020
Animals
Asia
Bone and Bones
Bulgaria
Caves
DNA, Ancient
DNA, Mitochondrial
Europe
Fossils
History, Ancient
Human Migration
Humans
Neanderthals
Phylogeny
Tool Use Behavior
Tooth
English The Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in Europe witnessed the replacement and partial absorption of local Neanderthal populations by Homo sapiens populations of African origin1. However, this process probably varied across regions and its details remain largely unknown. In particular, the duration of chronological overlap between the two groups is much debated, as are the implications of this overlap for the nature of the biological and cultural interactions between Neanderthals and H. sapiens. Here we report the discovery and direct dating of human remains found in association with Initial Upper Palaeolithic artefacts2, from excavations at Bacho Kiro Cave (Bulgaria). Morphological analysis of a tooth and mitochondrial DNA from several hominin bone fragments, identified through proteomic screening, assign these finds to H. sapiens and link the expansion of Initial Upper Palaeolithic technologies with the spread of H. sapiens into the mid-latitudes of Eurasia before 45 thousand years ago3. The excavations yielded a wealth of bone artefacts, including pendants manufactured from cave bear teeth that are reminiscent of those later produced by the last Neanderthals of western Europe4-6. These finds are consistent with models based on the arrival of multiple waves of H. sapiens into Europe coming into contact with declining Neanderthal populations7,8.
Language
  • English
Open access status
closed
Identifiers
Persistent URL
https://sonar.ch/global/documents/286597
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