Journal article
AMPK and TOR: The Yin and Yang of Cellular Nutrient Sensing and Growth Control.
- González A Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH4056 Basel, Switzerland.
- Hall MN Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH4056 Basel, Switzerland.
- Lin SC School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian, China.
- Hardie DG Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK. Electronic address: d.g.hardie@dundee.ac.uk.
- 2020-03-05
Published in:
- Cell metabolism. - 2020
English
The AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and TOR (target-of-rapamycin) pathways are interlinked, opposing signaling pathways involved in sensing availability of nutrients and energy and regulation of cell growth. AMPK (Yin, or the "dark side") is switched on by lack of energy or nutrients and inhibits cell growth, while TOR (Yang, or the "bright side") is switched on by nutrient availability and promotes cell growth. Genes encoding the AMPK and TOR complexes are found in almost all eukaryotes, suggesting that these pathways arose very early during eukaryotic evolution. During the development of multicellularity, an additional tier of cell-extrinsic growth control arose that is mediated by growth factors, but these often act by modulating nutrient uptake so that AMPK and TOR remain the underlying regulators of cellular growth control. In this review, we discuss the evolution, structure, and regulation of the AMPK and TOR pathways and the complex mechanisms by which they interact.
- Language
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- English
- Open access status
- closed
- Identifiers
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- DOI 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.01.015
- PMID 32130880
- Persistent URL
- https://sonar.ch/global/documents/289069
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