Gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis for critically ill patients: a clinical practice guideline.
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Ye Z
Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Reintam Blaser A
Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland.
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Lytvyn L
Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Wang Y
Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Guyatt GH
Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Mikita JS
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Foundation, United States.
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Roberts J
Duke University, United States.
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Agoritsas T
Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Bertschy S
Hospital of Lucerne, Switzerland.
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Boroli F
Adult intensive care unit, Department of Acute Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Camsooksai J
Critical Care, Poole Hospital NHS FT, United Kingdom.
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Du B
Medical intensive care unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Heen AF
Department of Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Gjøvik, Norway.
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Lu J
Peking KF Tech.co, Beijing, China.
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Mella JM
Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Vandvik PO
Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Wise R
Discipline of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Zheng Y
Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Liu L
Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China liulihong@bjcyh.com.
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Siemieniuk RAC
Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Published in:
- BMJ (Clinical research ed.). - 2020
English
CLINICAL QUESTION
What is the role of gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis (stress ulcer prophylaxis) in critically ill patients? This guideline was prompted by the publication of a new large randomised controlled trial.
CURRENT PRACTICE
Gastric acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) is commonly done to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. Existing guidelines vary in their recommendations of which population to treat and which agent to use.
RECOMMENDATIONS
This guideline panel makes a weak recommendation for using gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis in critically ill patients at high risk (>4%) of clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding, and a weak recommendation for not using prophylaxis in patients at lower risk of clinically important bleeding (≤4%). The panel identified risk categories based on evidence, with variable certainty regarding risk factors. The panel suggests using a PPI rather than a H2RA (weak recommendation) and recommends against using sucralfate (strong recommendation).
HOW THIS GUIDELINE WAS CREATED
A guideline panel including patients, clinicians, and methodologists produced these recommendations using standards for trustworthy guidelines and the GRADE approach. The recommendations are based on a linked systematic review and network meta-analysis. A weak recommendation means that both options are reasonable.
THE EVIDENCE
The linked systematic review and network meta-analysis estimated the benefit and harm of these medications in 12 660 critically ill patients in 72 trials. Both PPIs and H2RAs reduce the risk of clinically important bleeding. The effect is larger in patients at higher bleeding risk (those with a coagulopathy, chronic liver disease, or receiving mechanical ventilation but not enteral nutrition or two or more of mechanical ventilation with enteral nutrition, acute kidney injury, sepsis, and shock) (moderate certainty). PPIs and H2RAs might increase the risk of pneumonia (low certainty). They probably do not have an effect on mortality (moderate certainty), length of hospital stay, or any other important outcomes. PPIs probably reduce the risk of bleeding more than H2RAs (moderate certainty).
UNDERSTANDING THE RECOMMENDATION
In most critically ill patients, the reduction in clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding from gastric acid suppressants is closely balanced with the possibility of pneumonia. Clinicians should consider individual patient values, risk of bleeding, and other factors such as medication availability when deciding whether to use gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis. Visual overviews provide the relative and absolute benefits and harms of the options in multilayered evidence summaries and decision aids available on MAGICapp.
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Language
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Open access status
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bronze
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Identifiers
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Persistent URL
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https://sonar.ch/global/documents/28943
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