Methodological consensus on clinical proton MRS of the brain: Review and recommendations.
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Wilson M
Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England.
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Andronesi O
Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Barker PB
Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Bartha R
Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
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Bizzi A
U.O. Neuroradiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy.
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Bolan PJ
Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Brindle KM
Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England.
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Choi IY
Department of Neurology, Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
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Cudalbu C
Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Dydak U
School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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Emir UE
School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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Gonzalez RG
Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Gruber S
High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Gruetter R
Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Gupta RK
Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
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Heerschap A
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Henning A
Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Hetherington HP
Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Huppi PS
Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Hurd RE
Stanford Radiological Sciences Lab, Stanford, California.
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Kantarci K
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Kauppinen RA
School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, England.
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Klomp DWJ
University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Kreis R
Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Kruiskamp MJ
Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands.
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Leach MO
CRUK Cancer Imaging Centre, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, England.
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Lin AP
Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Luijten PR
University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Marjańska M
Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Maudsley AA
Department of Radiology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
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Meyerhoff DJ
DVA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Mountford CE
Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia.
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Mullins PG
Bangor Imaging Unit, School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales.
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Murdoch JB
Canon Medical Research USA, Mayfield Village, Ohio.
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Nelson SJ
Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Noeske R
GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany.
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Öz G
Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Pan JW
Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Peet AC
Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England.
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Poptani H
Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England.
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Posse S
Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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Ratai EM
Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Salibi N
MR R&D, Siemens Healthineers, Malvern, Pennsylvania.
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Scheenen TWJ
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Smith ICP
Innovative Biodiagnostics, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Soher BJ
Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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Tkáč I
Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Vigneron DB
Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Howe FA
Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, England.
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Published in:
- Magnetic resonance in medicine. - 2019
English
Proton MRS (1 H MRS) provides noninvasive, quantitative metabolite profiles of tissue and has been shown to aid the clinical management of several brain diseases. Although most modern clinical MR scanners support MRS capabilities, routine use is largely restricted to specialized centers with good access to MR research support. Widespread adoption has been slow for several reasons, and technical challenges toward obtaining reliable good-quality results have been identified as a contributing factor. Considerable progress has been made by the research community to address many of these challenges, and in this paper a consensus is presented on deficiencies in widely available MRS methodology and validated improvements that are currently in routine use at several clinical research institutions. In particular, the localization error for the PRESS localization sequence was found to be unacceptably high at 3 T, and use of the semi-adiabatic localization by adiabatic selective refocusing sequence is a recommended solution. Incorporation of simulated metabolite basis sets into analysis routines is recommended for reliably capturing the full spectral detail available from short TE acquisitions. In addition, the importance of achieving a highly homogenous static magnetic field (B0 ) in the acquisition region is emphasized, and the limitations of current methods and hardware are discussed. Most recommendations require only software improvements, greatly enhancing the capabilities of clinical MRS on existing hardware. Implementation of these recommendations should strengthen current clinical applications and advance progress toward developing and validating new MRS biomarkers for clinical use.
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Language
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Open access status
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bronze
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Persistent URL
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https://sonar.ch/global/documents/33445
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