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Pestiviruses.
Journal article

Pestiviruses.

  • Schweizer M Institute of Veterinary Virology, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland; email: matthias.schweizer@vetsuisse.unibe.ch , ernst.peterhans@vetsuisse.unibe.ch.
  • Peterhans E
  • 2014-11-11
Published in:
  • Annual review of animal biosciences. - 2014
BDV
BVDV
Border disease virus
CSFV
IFN antagonist
bovine viral diarrhea virus
classical swine fever virus
epidemiology
evolution
innate immunity
Animals
Livestock
Pestivirus
Pestivirus Infections
Virulence
English Pestiviruses cause economically important diseases among domestic ruminants and pigs, but they may also infect a wide spectrum of wild species of even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla). Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Border disease virus of sheep infect their hosts either transiently or persistently. Cellular and humoral immunotolerance to the infecting strain is a unique feature of persistent infection (PI) by ruminant pestiviruses. Persistence, caused by transplacental infection early in fetal development, depends on virally encoded interferon antagonists that inactivate the host's innate immune response to the virus without globally interfering with its function against other viruses. At epidemiological equilibrium, approximately 1-2% of animals are PI. Successful BVDV control programs show that removal of PI animals results in viral extinction in the host population. The nucleotide sequences of ruminant pestiviruses change little during persistent infection. Nevertheless, they display large heterogeneity, pointing to a long history of virus-host coevolution in which avirulent strains are more successful.
Language
  • English
Open access status
closed
Identifiers
Persistent URL
https://sonar.ch/global/documents/33495
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