Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults: 2018 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel.
- Saag MS University of Alabama at Birmingham.
- Benson CA University of California San Diego School of Medicine.
- Gandhi RT Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
- Hoy JF The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Landovitz RJ University of California Los Angeles.
- Mugavero MJ University of Alabama at Birmingham.
- Sax PE Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Smith DM University of California San Diego, La Jolla.
- Thompson MA AIDS Research Consortium of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.
- Buchbinder SP San Francisco Department of Public Health and University of California San Francisco.
- Del Rio C Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
- Eron JJ University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine.
- Fätkenheuer G University Hospital of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany, and German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Günthard HF University Hospital Zurich and Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Molina JM University of Paris Diderot and Saint-Louis Hospital, APHP, Paris.
- Jacobsen DM International Antiviral Society-USA, San Francisco, California.
- Volberding PA University of California San Francisco.
- 2018-07-26
Published in:
- JAMA. - 2018
Adult
Advisory Committees
Anti-Retroviral Agents
Diagnosis, Differential
Fees, Pharmaceutical
HIV Infections
Humans
Time-to-Treatment
English
Importance
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the cornerstone of prevention and management of HIV infection.
Objective
To evaluate new data and treatments and incorporate this information into updated recommendations for initiating therapy, monitoring individuals starting therapy, changing regimens, and preventing HIV infection for individuals at risk.
Evidence Review
New evidence collected since the International Antiviral Society-USA 2016 recommendations via monthly PubMed and EMBASE literature searches up to April 2018; data presented at peer-reviewed scientific conferences. A volunteer panel of experts in HIV research and patient care considered these data and updated previous recommendations.
Findings
ART is recommended for virtually all HIV-infected individuals, as soon as possible after HIV diagnosis. Immediate initiation (eg, rapid start), if clinically appropriate, requires adequate staffing, specialized services, and careful selection of medical therapy. An integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI) plus 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) is generally recommended for initial therapy, with unique patient circumstances (eg, concomitant diseases and conditions, potential for pregnancy, cost) guiding the treatment choice. CD4 cell count, HIV RNA level, genotype, and other laboratory tests for general health and co-infections are recommended at specified points before and during ART. If a regimen switch is indicated, treatment history, tolerability, adherence, and drug resistance history should first be assessed; 2 or 3 active drugs are recommended for a new regimen. HIV testing is recommended at least once for anyone who has ever been sexually active and more often for individuals at ongoing risk for infection. Preexposure prophylaxis with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine and appropriate monitoring is recommended for individuals at risk for HIV.
Conclusions and Relevance
Advances in HIV prevention and treatment with antiretroviral drugs continue to improve clinical management and outcomes for individuals at risk for and living with HIV.
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the cornerstone of prevention and management of HIV infection.
Objective
To evaluate new data and treatments and incorporate this information into updated recommendations for initiating therapy, monitoring individuals starting therapy, changing regimens, and preventing HIV infection for individuals at risk.
Evidence Review
New evidence collected since the International Antiviral Society-USA 2016 recommendations via monthly PubMed and EMBASE literature searches up to April 2018; data presented at peer-reviewed scientific conferences. A volunteer panel of experts in HIV research and patient care considered these data and updated previous recommendations.
Findings
ART is recommended for virtually all HIV-infected individuals, as soon as possible after HIV diagnosis. Immediate initiation (eg, rapid start), if clinically appropriate, requires adequate staffing, specialized services, and careful selection of medical therapy. An integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI) plus 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) is generally recommended for initial therapy, with unique patient circumstances (eg, concomitant diseases and conditions, potential for pregnancy, cost) guiding the treatment choice. CD4 cell count, HIV RNA level, genotype, and other laboratory tests for general health and co-infections are recommended at specified points before and during ART. If a regimen switch is indicated, treatment history, tolerability, adherence, and drug resistance history should first be assessed; 2 or 3 active drugs are recommended for a new regimen. HIV testing is recommended at least once for anyone who has ever been sexually active and more often for individuals at ongoing risk for infection. Preexposure prophylaxis with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine and appropriate monitoring is recommended for individuals at risk for HIV.
Conclusions and Relevance
Advances in HIV prevention and treatment with antiretroviral drugs continue to improve clinical management and outcomes for individuals at risk for and living with HIV.
- Language
-
- English
- Open access status
- green
- Identifiers
-
- DOI 10.1001/jama.2018.8431
- PMID 30043070
- Persistent URL
- https://sonar.ch/global/documents/41637
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