Guideline for opioid therapy and chronic noncancer pain.

• Busse JW The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway bussejw@mcmaster.ca.
• Craigie S The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway.
• Juurlink DN The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway.
• Buckley DN The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway.
• Wang L The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway.
• Couban RJ The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway.
• Agoritsas T The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway.
• Akl EA The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway.
• Carrasco-Labra A The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway.
• Cooper L The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway.
• Cull C The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway.
• da Costa BR The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway.
• Frank JW The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway.
• Grant G The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway.
• Iorio A The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway.
• Persaud N The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway.
• Stern S The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway.
• Tugwell P The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway.
• Vandvik PO The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway.
• Guyatt GH The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Busse, Buckley, Couban, Craigie and Wang), Department of Anesthesia (Busse and Buckley), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Busse, Carrasco-Labra, Iorio and Guyatt), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; University Hospitals of Geneva (Agoritsas), Geneva, Switzerland; American University of Beirut (Akl), Beirut, Lebanon; Canadian Pain Coalition (Cooper), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (Carrasco-Labra), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Inspire by Example, Canada (Cull); Institute of Primary Health Care (da Costa), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (Frank), Denver, Colo. and University of Colorado School of Medicine (Frank), Aurora, Colo.; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (Grant), Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (Juurlink), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Persaud), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Argus Medical Centre (Stern), Oakville, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Tugwell), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Innlandet Hospital Trust-Division Gjøvik (Vandvik), Norway.

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Analgesics, Opioid

Chronic Pain

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Drug Monitoring

Humans

Opioid-Related Disorders

Pain Measurement

Primary Health Care

Treatment Outcome