Benthic protists: the under-charted majority.

Forster D; Dunthorn M; Mahé F; Dolan JR; Audic S; Bass D; Bittner L; Boutte C; Christen R; Claverie JM; Decelle J; Edvardsen B; Egge E; Eikrem W; Gobet A; Kooistra WH; Logares R; Massana R; Montresor M; Not F; Ogata H; Pawlowski J; Pernice MC; Romac S; Shalchian-Tabrizi K; Simon N; Richards TA; Santini S; Sarno D; Siano R; Vaulot D; Wincker P; Zingone A; de Vargas C; Stoeck T

doi:10.1093/femsec/fiw120

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Journal article

Benthic protists: the under-charted majority.

Forster D Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 14, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
Dunthorn M Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 14, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
Mahé F Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 14, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
Dolan JR Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, UMR CNRS UMR 7093 and Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Université Paris 06, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
Audic S Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
Bass D Department of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum London, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, the Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
Bittner L Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 14, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Evolution Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France.
Boutte C Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
Christen R CNRS, UMR 7138 & Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, F-06103 Nice cedex 2, France Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis & CNRS, UMR 7138 F-06103 Nice cedex 2, France.
Claverie JM CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, IGS UMR7256, F-13288 Marseille, France.
Decelle J Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
Edvardsen B Department of BioSciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0316 N-Oslo, Norway.
Egge E Department of BioSciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0316 N-Oslo, Norway.
Eikrem W Department of BioSciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0316 N-Oslo, Norway.
Gobet A Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France CNRS, UMR 8227 & UPMC Université Paris 06, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29682 Roscoff, France.
Kooistra WH Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, I-80121, Naples, Italy.
Logares R Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, ES-08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Massana R Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, ES-08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Montresor M Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, I-80121, Naples, Italy.
Not F Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
Ogata H Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, UMR CNRS UMR 7093 and Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Université Paris 06, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan.
Pawlowski J Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, 4, Boulevard d'Yvoy, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
Pernice MC Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, ES-08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Romac S Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
Shalchian-Tabrizi K Department of BioSciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0316 N-Oslo, Norway.
Simon N Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
Richards TA Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
Santini S CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, IGS UMR7256, F-13288 Marseille, France.
Sarno D Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, I-80121, Naples, Italy.
Siano R Ifremer, Centre de Brest DYNECO/Pelagos Technopôle Brest Iroise, BP 7029280 Plouzané, France.
Vaulot D Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
Wincker P CEA, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, F-91000 Evry, France.
Zingone A Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, I-80121, Naples, Italy.
de Vargas C Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
Stoeck T Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 14, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany stoeck@rhrk.uni-kl.de.

2016-06-09

Published in:

FEMS microbiology ecology. - 2016

English Marine protist diversity inventories have largely focused on planktonic environments, while benthic protists have received relatively little attention. We therefore hypothesize that current diversity surveys have only skimmed the surface of protist diversity in marine sediments, which may harbor greater diversity than planktonic environments. We tested this by analyzing sequences of the hypervariable V4 18S rRNA from benthic and planktonic protist communities sampled in European coastal regions. Despite a similar number of OTUs in both realms, richness estimations indicated that we recovered at least 70% of the diversity in planktonic protist communities, but only 33% in benthic communities. There was also little overlap of OTUs between planktonic and benthic communities, as well as between separate benthic communities. We argue that these patterns reflect the heterogeneity and diversity of benthic habitats. A comparison of all OTUs against the Protist Ribosomal Reference database showed that a higher proportion of benthic than planktonic protist diversity is missing from public databases; similar results were obtained by comparing all OTUs against environmental references from NCBI's Short Read Archive. We suggest that the benthic realm may therefore be the world's largest reservoir of marine protist diversity, with most taxa at present undescribed.

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