Complete Sequence of the 22q11.2 Allele in 1,053 Subjects with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Reveals Modifiers of Conotruncal Heart Defects.
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Zhao Y
Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Diacou A
Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Johnston HR
Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Musfee FI
Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77225, USA.
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McDonald-McGinn DM
Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
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McGinn D
Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
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Crowley TB
Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
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Repetto GM
Center for Genetics and Genomics, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile.
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Swillen A
Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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Breckpot J
Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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Vermeesch JR
Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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Kates WR
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA; Program in Neuroscience, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA.
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Digilio MC
Department of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome 00165, Italy.
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Unolt M
Department of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome 00165, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
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Marino B
Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
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Pontillo M
Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome 00165, Italy.
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Armando M
Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome 00165, Italy; Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
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Di Fabio F
Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
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Vicari S
Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome 00165, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University, Rome 00153, Italy.
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van den Bree M
Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales CF24 4HQ, UK.
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Moss H
Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales CF24 4HQ, UK.
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Owen MJ
Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales CF24 4HQ, UK.
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Murphy KC
Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 505095, Ireland.
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Murphy CM
Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK; Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, Behavioural Genetics Clinic, National Adult Autism and ADHD Service, South London and Maudsley Foundation National Health Service Trust, London SE5 8AZ, UK.
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Murphy D
Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK; Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, Behavioural Genetics Clinic, National Adult Autism and ADHD Service, South London and Maudsley Foundation National Health Service Trust, London SE5 8AZ, UK.
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Schoch K
Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Shashi V
Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Tassone F
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA.
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Simon TJ
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA.
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Shprintzen RJ
The Virtual Center for Velo-Cardio-Facial Syndrome, Syracuse, NY 13206, USA.
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Campbell L
School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2258, Australia.
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Philip N
Department of Medical Genetics, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille 13284, France.
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Heine-Suñer D
Genomics of Health and Unit of Molecular Diagnosis and Clinical Genetics, Son Espases University Hospital, Balearic Islands Health Research Institute, Palma de Mallorca 07120, Spain.
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García-Miñaúr S
Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid 28046, Spain.
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Fernández L
Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid 28046, Spain.
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Bearden CE
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Vingerhoets C
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands.
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van Amelsvoort T
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands.
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Eliez S
Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
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Schneider M
Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
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Vorstman JAS
Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, 3584 CG, the Netherlands.
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Gothelf D
The Child Psychiatry Unit, Edmond and Lily Sapfra Children's Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University and Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, 52621, Israel.
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Zackai E
Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
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Agopian AJ
Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77225, USA.
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Gur RE
Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Bassett AS
Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, Clinical Genetics Research Program, Toronto M5T 1L8, Ontario Canada; Toronto General Hospital, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto M5T 1L8, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5T 1L8, Ontario, Canada.
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Emanuel BS
Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
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Goldmuntz E
Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Mitchell LE
Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77225, USA.
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Wang T
Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Morrow BE
Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. Electronic address: bernice.morrow@einsteinmed.org.
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Published in:
- American journal of human genetics. - 2020
English
The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) results from non-allelic homologous recombination between low-copy repeats termed LCR22. About 60%-70% of individuals with the typical 3 megabase (Mb) deletion from LCR22A-D have congenital heart disease, mostly of the conotruncal type (CTD), whereas others have normal cardiac anatomy. In this study, we tested whether variants in the hemizygous LCR22A-D region are associated with risk for CTDs on the basis of the sequence of the 22q11.2 region from 1,053 22q11.2DS individuals. We found a significant association (FDR p < 0.05) of the CTD subset with 62 common variants in a single linkage disequilibrium (LD) block in a 350 kb interval harboring CRKL. A total of 45 of the 62 variants were associated with increased risk for CTDs (odds ratio [OR) ranges: 1.64-4.75). Associations of four variants were replicated in a meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies of CTDs in affected individuals without 22q11.2DS. One of the replicated variants, rs178252, is located in an open chromatin region and resides in the double-elite enhancer, GH22J020947, that is predicted to regulate CRKL (CRK-like proto-oncogene, cytoplasmic adaptor) expression. Approximately 23% of patients with nested LCR22C-D deletions have CTDs, and inactivation of Crkl in mice causes CTDs, thus implicating this gene as a modifier. Rs178252 and rs6004160 are expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) of CRKL. Furthermore, set-based tests identified an enhancer that is predicted to target CRKL and is significantly associated with CTD risk (GH22J020946, sequence kernal association test (SKAT) p = 7.21 × 10-5) in the 22q11.2DS cohort. These findings suggest that variance in CTD penetrance in the 22q11.2DS population can be explained in part by variants affecting CRKL expression.
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bronze
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https://sonar.ch/global/documents/46487
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