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Development and thorough characterization of the processing steps of an ink for 3D printing for bone tissue engineering.
Journal article

Development and thorough characterization of the processing steps of an ink for 3D printing for bone tissue engineering.

  • Müller M Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
  • Fisch P Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
  • Molnar M Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
  • Eggert S Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
  • Binelli M Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
  • Maniura-Weber K Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
  • Zenobi-Wong M Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland. Electronic address: marcy.zenobi@hest.ethz.ch.
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  • 2020-01-12
Published in:
  • Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications. - 2020
3D printing
Biomaterial ink characterization
Biomaterial ink processing
Biphasic constructs
Tissue engineering
Adult
Bone Substitutes
Bone and Bones
Buffers
Cell Survival
Durapatite
Humans
Ink
Male
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Methacrylates
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Polymers
Polysaccharides, Bacterial
Porosity
Printing, Three-Dimensional
Reproducibility of Results
Rheology
Stress, Mechanical
Thermogravimetry
Tissue Engineering
Tissue Scaffolds
Viscosity
English Achieving reproducibility in the 3D printing of biomaterials requires a robust polymer synthesis method to reduce batch-to-batch variation as well as methods to assure a thorough characterization throughout the manufacturing process. Particularly biomaterial inks containing large solid fractions such as ceramic particles, often required for bone tissue engineering applications, are prone to inhomogeneity originating from inadequate mixing or particle aggregation which can lead to inconsistent printing results. The production of such an ink for bone tissue engineering consisting of gellan gum methacrylate (GG-MA), hyaluronic acid methacrylate and hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles was therefore optimized in terms of GG-MA synthesis and ink preparation process, and the ink's printability was thoroughly characterized to assure homogeneous and reproducible printing results. A new buffer mediated synthesis method for GG-MA resulted in consistent degrees of substitution which allowed the creation of large 5 g batches. We found that both the new synthesis as well as cryomilling of the polymer components of the ink resulted in a decrease in viscosity from 113 kPa·s to 11.3 kPa·s at a shear rate of 0.1 s-1 but increased ink homogeneity. The ink homogeneity was assessed through thermogravimetric analysis and a newly developed extrusion force measurement setup. The ink displayed strong inter-layer adhesion between two printed ink layers as well as between a layer of ink with and a layer without HAp. The large polymer batch production along with the characterization of the ink during the manufacturing process allows ink production in the gram scale and could be used in applications such as the printing of osteochondral grafts.
Language
  • English
Open access status
closed
Identifiers
Persistent URL
https://sonar.ch/global/documents/55084
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