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Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine.

  • Mauvais-Jarvis F Diabetes Discovery & Sex-Based Medicine Laboratory, Section of Endocrinology, John W Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA. Electronic address: fmauvais@tulane.edu.
  • Bairey Merz N Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Barnes PJ National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
  • Brinton RD Department of Pharmacology and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
  • Carrero JJ Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Center for Gender Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
  • DeMeo DL Channing Division of Network Medicine and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
  • De Vries GJ Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  • Epperson CN Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
  • Govindan R Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
  • Klein SL W Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Lonardo A Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Modena, Italy.
  • Maki PM Department of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
  • McCullough LD Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
  • Regitz-Zagrosek V Berlin Institute of Gender Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
  • Regensteiner JG Center for Women's Health Research, Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
  • Rubin JB Department of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, and Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO, USA.
  • Sandberg K Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
  • Suzuki A Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA; Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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  • 2020-08-24
Published in:
  • Lancet (London, England). - 2020
Acute Disease
Betacoronavirus
Cause of Death
Chronic Disease
Coronavirus Infections
Female
Health Status
Humans
Male
Pandemics
Pneumonia, Viral
Precision Medicine
Sex Characteristics
Sex Distribution
Sex Factors
English Clinicians can encounter sex and gender disparities in diagnostic and therapeutic responses. These disparities are noted in epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, disease progression, and response to treatment. This Review discusses the fundamental influences of sex and gender as modifiers of the major causes of death and morbidity. We articulate how the genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal influences of biological sex influence physiology and disease, and how the social constructs of gender affect the behaviour of the community, clinicians, and patients in the health-care system and interact with pathobiology. We aim to guide clinicians and researchers to consider sex and gender in their approach to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases as a necessary and fundamental step towards precision medicine, which will benefit men's and women's health.
Language
  • English
Open access status
bronze
Identifiers
Persistent URL
https://sonar.ch/global/documents/82924
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