Neurofilaments in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: blood biomarkers at the preataxic and ataxic stage in humans and mice.

• Wilke C Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
• Haas E Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
• Reetz K Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
• Faber J Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
• Garcia-Moreno H Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
• Santana MM Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
• van de Warrenburg B Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
• Hengel H Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
• Lima M Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
• Filla A Department of Neuroscience, and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University Naples, Naples, Italy.
• Durr A Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, Inserm, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
• Melegh B Department of Medical Genetics, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.
• Masciullo M Spinal Rehabilitation Lab (SPIRE), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
• Infante J Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Santander, Spain.
• Giunti P Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
• Neumann M German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
• de Vries J Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
• Pereira de Almeida L Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
• Rakowicz M First Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland.
• Jacobi H German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
• Schüle R Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
• Kaeser SA Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
• Kuhle J Neurology, Departments of Medicine, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
• Klockgether T Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
• Schöls L Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
• Barro C Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
• Hübener-Schmid J Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
• Synofzik M

knock-in mouse model

neurofilament light chain

phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain

presymptomatic stage

spinocerebellar ataxia type 3